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Galician-Portuguese had a special cultural role in the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula which can be seen in its literature. It can be compared to the role of Occitan in the Mediterranean coast. The main Galician-Portuguese lyric sources remaining are:
Some known poets were Bernardo de Bonaval, Arias Nunes, Pero da Ponte, and Pero Amigo. Until 1350 , Galician-Portuguese was the only Latin-derived Written , language in the Christian peninsula. The Castilian king Alfonso X , composed his " Cantigas De Santa Maria " and the " Cantigas De Escarnio E Maldizer " in Galician-Portuguese, his favourite language for poetry. The Portuguese king, Denis also wrote his Cantigas and declared Portuguese as an Official Language in 1290 . Until then Classical Latin was the official language of Portugal. Then, the spoken language did not have a name, was simply known as ''Língua Vulgar'' ("common language" or Vulgar Latin ) until it was named Portuguese in the reign of King Denis. The term ''Galician-Portuguese'' or ''Old Portuguese'' is a modern term for the common ancestor of modern Portuguese and modern Galician. The language had its maximum expression in the final years of the 12th Century until the 14th Century in Spain . As a result of political isolation, Galician-Portuguese lost its unity when Portugal and Galicia fell under different ruling dinasties. The Galician version of the language followed an independent evolution and became influenced by Spanish , which is still happening today. Two of the most important Galician cities at the time, Braga and Oporto , became independent with Portugal, while Santiago De Compostela was already a separated entity previous to the independence of Portugal. Galician was preserved because those who spoke it were rural or never went to school, where Spanish was taught as the only ''correct'' speaking. The language was only officially recognized in Spain in the late 20th Century . The linguistic division (or not) of both languages is still discussed today; there are those, mostly a minority among Galician nationalist groups, who demand the reunification of the language. Many Portuguese and Galician Philologists would agree that both are Dialect s of a same language. Galician is still spoken by more than three million people in Galicia , while Portuguese continues to grow in use, and today is the sixth most spoken language in the world. Galician-Portuguese is also known as the first period of Old Portuguese. |