- Gaia (mythology) , a Greek and Roman goddess, also known as the Earth Mother
- Gaia Theory (science) , a group of scientific theories about how life on Earth may regulate the planet's biosphere to make it more hospitable to life. Also known as ''earth system science.''
- Gaia Philosophy , a set of philosophical views based on Gaia theory and the concept of a "living planet"
- Gaia Movement , an international network of activist organisations and groups that draw inspiration from Lovelock's Gaia theory
- Gaia Probe , a space astronomy mission due for launch in 2011 by the European Space Agency
- Gaea Crater , a crater on Amalthea (Jupiter's third moon)
- Gaia Online , an Internet forum
- Gaia (Asimov) , a fictional planet in Isaac Asimov's Foundation Series and where all animals, plants, and even inanimate matter are telepathically connected, forming a single sentient planet-wide entity
- Gaea Trilogy , a trilogy of science fiction novels by John Varley
- Gaea (comics) , a fictional comic book character in the Marvel Universe (Goddess of the Earth)
- Gaia (comics) , a fictional comic book character in the Marvel Universe (an alien mutant and former member of Generation X)
- Gaia (DC Comics) , a goddess from DC's Green Lantern comics
- Gaia (My Gaia) , a shojo-ai manga comic by chuu
- Gaea (Escaflowne) , the fictional planet where the anime '' The Vision Of Escaflowne '' takes place
- Gaia Gear , a science-fiction novel written by Yoshiyuki Tomino , based on the Gundam metaseries
- ZGMF-X88S Gaia Gundam , a fictional weapon from the Cosmic Era of the anime Gundam metaseries
- Gaia, Rogue Champion , a character in the Playstation game Battle Arena Toshinden
- Illusion Of Gaia , the second title in the Soul Blazer series of video games for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System
- Several music albums are titled ''Gaia'':
- ---''Missa Gaia'' by the Paul Winter Consort
- ---''Gaia'' ( Olivia Newton-John , 1994)
- ---''Gaia'' (a song on James Taylor 's album Hourglass , 1997)
- ---''Gaia'' ( Mägo De Oz , 2003)
- Gaia (song) , a song by The Devin Townsend Band
- Gaia (band) , a Swedish alternative heavy-rock band
- Gaia (band) , a Yorkshire (Barnsley) rock band
- Gaia (chess) , a Chess Engine or computer program that can play chess
- Vila Nova De Gaia , a city in Portugal
- GAIA, the acronym for the Grantley Adams International Airport located in Barbados
- Gaia is the spirit of Earth in Captain Planet , animated series.
- Gaia Trafikk is the largest public transport company in Bergen, Norway .
- Gaià , a river in Catalonia, Spain
- Gaia is also the name of the planet in Final Fantasy IX .
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