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Fergus I Of Dalriada




While his historicity may be debatable, his posthumous importance as the founder of Scotland in the National Myth of Medieval and Renaissance Scotland is not in doubt. Rulers of Scotland from Cináed Mac Ailpín until the present time claim descent from Fergus Mór.


FERGUS MóR IN EARLY SOURCES

The historical record, such as it is, consists of an entry in the . See also Ewan Campbell, "Were the Scots Irish ?".

Fergus is also found in the king lists of Dál Riata, and later of Scotland, of which the the Senchus Fer N-Alban and the Duan Albanach can be taken as examples. The Senchus states that Fergus Mór was also known as Mac Nisse Mór. These sources probably date from the 10th and 11th centuries respectively, between 30 and 40 generations after Fergus may have lived.

The Senchus and the Duan name Fergus's father as Erc son of Eochaid Muinremuir. A Middle Irish genealogy of the kings of ; compare Rawlinson B. 502 ¶1696 Genelach Ríg n-Alban and the ''Betha Shenáin'', at line 1792 and after.

These sources, while they offer evidence for the importance of Fergus Mór in Medieval times, are not evidence for his historical career. Indeed, only one king in the 6th century in Scotland is known from contemporary evidence, Ceretic Of Alt Clut , and even this identification rests upon a later gloss to Saint Patrick 's ''Letter to Coroticus''. The first kings of Dál Riata whose existences are reasonably sure are Fergus's grandsons Gabrán and Comgall , or perhaps his great-grandson Áedán Mac Gabráin .


FERGUS MóR IN LATER ACCOUNTS

Andrew Of Wyntounn 's early 15th century ''Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland'' says that Fergus was the first Scot to rule in Scotland, and that Cináed mac Ailpín was his descendant. In addition, he writes that Fergus brought the Stone Of Scone with him from Ireland, that he was succeeded by a son named Dúngal. A list of kings follows which is corrupt but bears some relation to those found in earlier sources.See chapters xliv and liv.

If Wyntoun's account adds little to earlier ones, at the end of the 16th century George Buchanan in his '' Rerum Scoticarum Historia '' added much, generally following John Of Fordun . In this version, the Scots had been expelled from Scotland when the Romans under one Maximus conquered all of Britain. His father Eugenius had been killed by the Romans, and Fergus, Fergusius II according to Buchanan's count, was raised in exile in Scandinavia . He later fought with the Franks , before eventually returning to Scotland and reconquering the Scottish lands. He was killed in battle against Durstus, king of the Picts , and was succeeded by his son Eugenius.Aikman's edition, pp. 202–218.

Buchanan's king, James VI , shared the scholar's view of the origins of his line, describing himself in one of many verses written to his wife Anne Of Denmark , as the "happie Monarch sprung of Ferguse race". Nor was James VI the last ruler to share this belief. The Great Gallery of the Palace Of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh was decorated with eighty-nine of Jacob De Wet 's portraits of Scottish monarchs, from Fergus to Charles II , produced to the order of James's grandson.


NOTES



REFERENCES

  • Broun, Dauvit , "Dál Riata" in Michael Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History.'' Oxford UP, Oxford, 2001. ISBN 0-19-211696-7

  • Campbell, Ewan, "Were the Scots Irish ?" in ''Antiquity'', 75 (2001), pp. 285–292.

  • Foster, Sally M., ''Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland.'' Batsford, London, 2004. ISBN 0-7134-8874-3



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  Before Loarn
  Title King Of Dál Riata
  After Domangart