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:(8) The term 'enemy combatant' has historically referred to all of the citizens of a state with which the Nation is at war, and who are members of the armed force of that enemy state. Enemy combatants in the present conflict, however, come from many nations, wear no uniforms, and use unconventional weapons. Enemy combatants in the war on terrorism are not defined by simple, readily apparent criteria, such as citizenship or military uniform. And the power to name a citizen as an 'enemy combatant' is therefore extraordinarily broad. (Emphasis added) In the 1942 Supreme Court Of The United States ruling Ex Parte Quirin the court clearly uses the terms with their traditional meanings to distinguish between Unlawful Combatant s and Lawful Combatant s: :Unlawful combatants are likewise subject to capture and detention, but in addition they are subject to trial and punishment by military tribunals for acts which render their belligerency unlawful. The spy who secretly and without uniform passes the military lines of a belligerent in time of war, seeking to gather military information and communicate it to the enemy, or an '''enemy combatant''' who without uniform comes secretly through the lines for the purpose of waging war by destruction of life or property, are familiar examples of belligerents who are generally deemed not to be entitled to the status of prisoners of war, but to be offenders against the law of war subject to trial and punishment by military tribunals. In the wake of the '' or the Taliban . For example :Under the provisions of the Secretary of the Navy Memorandum Implementation of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Procedures for Enemy Combatant Detained at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base Cuba ... An enemy combatant has been defined as "an individual who was part of or supporting the Taliban or al Qaida forces, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners. This includes any person who committed a belligerent act or has directly supported hostilities in aid of enemy armed forces." Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Detainee Begg, Moazzam This lead has been followed by other parts of the Government and some section of the American news media. The result of this new usage means that the term "enemy combatant" has to be read in the context of the article in which it appears as to whether it means a member of the armed forces of an enemy state, or if it means an alleged member of ''al Qaida'' held prisoner by the United States. "Enemy Combatant"Yasmin Alibhai-Brown ''Review of Enemy Combatant, by Moazzam Begg with Victoria Brittain in The Independent 24 March 2006. is also the title of a book written by a British Muslim, Moazzam Begg , and co-writenn by Victoria Brittain, a former Associate Foreign Editor for The Guardian newspaper, about Begg's detention by the government of the United States Of America in Camp X-Ray , Guantanamo Bay . He was seized in Islamabad in February 2002, and after prolonged sessions of interrogation, he was released from detention on January 25 , 2005 , without charge or compensation or an apology. REFERENCES FURTHER READING
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