cite journal
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'''Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anthropology/Epidemiology of Human Earcanal Secretions'''
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JAmAcadAudiol year=1997 pages=391-400 volume=8 issue=6
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Alvord, LS, Farmer, BL
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'''Anatomy and orientation of the human external ear'''
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JAmAcadAudiol year=1997 pages=383-390 volume=8 issue=6
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Overfield, T
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'''Biologic Variation in Health and Illness: Race, Age, and Sex Differences'''
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1985
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Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Menlo Park, CA, USA
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ISBN 0201128101
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Bass, EJ, Jackson, JF
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'''Cerumen types in Eskimos'''
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AmJPhysAnthropol year=1977 pages=209-210 volume=47 issue=2
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Yoshiura, KI, ''et al''
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'''A SNP in the ABCC11 gene is the determinant of human earwax type'''
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Nat Genet year=2006 date=29 January 2006
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http://wwwnaturecom/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng1733html
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Alberti, PWRM
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'''Epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane'''
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JLaryngolOtol year=1964 pages=808-830 volume=78
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Harvey, DJ
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'''Identification of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from human cerumen by the use of picolinyl and nicotinate esters'''
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BiomedEnvironMassSpectrom year=1989 pages=719-723 volume=18 issue=9
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Bortz, JT, Wertz, PW, Downing, DT
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'''Composition of cerumen lipids'''
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JAmAcadDermatol year=1990 pages=845-849 volume=23 issue=5
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Perry, ET, Nichols, AC
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'''Studies on the growth of bacteria in the human ear canal'''
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JInvestDermatol year=1956 pages=165-170 volume=27 issue=3
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Chai TJ, Chai TC
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'''Bactericidal activity of cerumen'''
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Antimicrob Agents Chemother year=1980 pages=638-641 volume=18 issue=4
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http://wwwpubmedcentralgov/articlerenderfcgitool=pubmed&pubmedid=7447422
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Stone, M, Fulghum, RS
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'''Bactericidal activity of wet cerumen'''
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Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol year=1984 pages=183-186 volume=93 issue=2
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Megarry, S, Pett, A, Scarlett, A, Teh, W, Zeigler, E, Canter, RJ
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'''The activity against yeasts of human cerumen'''
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JLaryngolOtol year=1988 pages=671-672 volume=102 issue=8
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Roland, PS, Marple, BF
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'''Disorders of the external auditory canal'''
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JAmAcadAudiol year=1997 pages=367-378 volume=8 issue=6
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Oliveira, RJ
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'''The active earcanal'''
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J Am Acad Audiol year=1997 pages=401-410 volume=8 issue=6
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Sharp, JF, Wilson, JA, Ross, L, Barr-Hamilton, RM
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'''Ear wax removal: A survey of current practice'''
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BrMedJ year=1990 pages=1251-1253 volume=301 issue=6763
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Fraser JG
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'''The efficacy of wax solvents, in vitro studies and clinical trial'''
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JLaryngolOtol year=1970 pages=1055-1064 volume=84 issue=10
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- multiple brand names Carbamide Peroxide (6.5%) and Glycerine
- Sodium Bicarbonate B.P.C. (sodium bicarbonate and glycerine)
- Various Organic liquids ( Glycerol , Almond Oil , Mineral Oil , Baby Oil )
- Cerumol ( Arachis Oil , Turpentine and Dichlorobenzene )
- Cerumenex ( Triethanolamine , Polypeptide s and Oleate-condensate )
- Exterol ( Urea , Hydrogen Peroxide and glycerine)
- Docusate , an Active Ingredient found in Laxative s
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Wilson, PL, Roeser, RJ
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'''Cerumen management: professional issues and techniques'''
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JAmAcadAudiol year=1997 pages=421-430 volume=8 issue=6
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Wilson, PL, Roeser, RJ
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'''Cerumen management: professional issues and techniques'''
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JAmAcadAudiol year=1997 pages=421-430 volume=8 issue=6
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Robinson, AC, Hawke, M
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'''The efficacy of ceruminolytics: everything old is new again'''
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JOtolaryngol year=1989 pages=263-267 volume=18 issue=6
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Wilson, PL, Roeser, RJ
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'''Cerumen management: professional issues and techniques'''
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JAmAcadAudiol year=1997 pages=421-430 volume=8 issue=6
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Blake, P, Matthews, R, Hornibrook, J
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'''When not to syringe an ear'''
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NZMedJ year=1998 pages=422-424 volume=111 issue=1077
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Blake, P, Matthews, R, Hornibrook, J
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'''When not to syringe an ear'''
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NZMedJ year=1998 pages=422-424 volume=111 issue=1077
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Ernst, AA, Takakuwa, KM, Letner, C, Weiss, SJ
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'''Warmed versus room temperature saline solution for ear irrigation: a randomised clinical trial'''
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AnnEmergMed year=1999 pages=347-350 volume=34 issue=3
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Bull
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PD
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'''Lecture notes on diseases of the ear nose and throat'''
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6th edition
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1985
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Blackwell Scientific Publications
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Oxford
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ISBN 0632065060
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Blake, P, Matthews, R, Hornibrook, J
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'''When not to syringe an ear'''
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NZMedJ year=1998 pages=422-424 volume=111 issue=1077
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Ernst, AA, Takakuwa, KM, Letner, C, Weiss, SJ
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'''Warmed versus room temperature saline solution for ear irrigation: a randomised clinical trial'''
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AnnEmergMed year=1999 pages=347-350 volume=34 issue=3
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Sharp, JF, Wilson, JA, Ross, L, Barr-Hamilton, RM
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'''Ear wax removal: A survey of current practice'''
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BrMedJ year=1990 pages=1251-1253 volume=301 issue=6763
|
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Blake, P, Matthews, R, Hornibrook, J
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'''When not to syringe an ear'''
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NZMedJ year=1998 pages=422-424 volume=111 issue=1077
|
| |
Sharp, JF, Wilson, JA, Ross, L, Barr-Hamilton, RM
|
| |
'''Ear wax removal: A survey of current practice'''
|
| |
BrMedJ year=1990 pages=1251-1253 volume=301 issue=6763
|
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Blake, P, Matthews, R, Hornibrook, J
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'''When not to syringe an ear'''
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NZMedJ year=1998 pages=422-424 volume=111 issue=1077
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Grossan, M
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'''Cerumen removal – current challenges'''
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Ear Nose Throat J year=1998 pages=541-548 volume=77 issue=7
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Sharp, JF, Wilson, JA, Ross, L, Barr-Hamilton, RM
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'''Ear wax removal: A survey of current practice'''
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BrMedJ year=1990 pages=1251-1253 volume=301 issue=6763
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A syringe should be used to gently stream water into the ear. For children the rate and speed should be lower. After irrigating, tip the head to allow the water to drain. Irrigation may need to be repeated several times. If the water stream hurts then the flow should be slower. It is better to irrigate too gently for a long period than irrigate too forcefully attempting to remove wax quickly. This procedure can be done at home in the shower using a self-use ear irrigation syringe with a right angle tip. After the wax is removed, the ear can be dried tipping the head then gently pulling the ear upwards to straighten the ear canal. If this does not remove enough water, the ear can be dried with a hair dryer set on low.
It is generally advised not to use Cotton Swab s ( Q-Tips or cotton buds) as these will likely push the wax further down the ear canal and, if used carelessly, perforate the Eardrum or worse. Cotton swabs should be used only to clean the external ear.
In Japan, a ''mimikaki'' (耳掻き), sometimes translated as "ear pick", is a type of Curette made traditionally from bamboo used to clean the ear canal. Since the majority of the populace have the dry-type ear wax, as do most Asians, it is easier for them to remove the crusty flakes with an ear pick rather than a Q-tip. The person having their ears cleaned would lie down with their head in the lap of the person doing the cleaning. It is generally considered a pleasant feeling for Japanese, like having one's back scratched. The cleaning of ears is thus considered an act of Intimacy , often performed by a mother to a child or, among adults, by one's lover. It may also be performed alone.
See Also: Ear candling
Many species of Whale have an annual buildup of earwax, adding one, two or four layers (depending upon the species) each year. Similar to the Incremental Dating method of Dendrochronology for trees, the number of layers can be counted to determine the age of the whale after its death.
