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Dzungars
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The Dzungars (also '''Jungars''' or '''Zungars'''; Mongols . They maintained the last Nomadic Empire around Dzungaria from the 17th Century to the middle 18th Century .


LIST OF DZUNGAR CHIEFS

  • Khara Khula

  • Baatur Khong Tayiji

  • Sengge

  • Galdan

  • Tsewang Rabtan

  • Galdan Tsereng

  • Dawachi



HISTORY

The origin of the Dzungars is mysterious. They suddenly emerged in the early 17th century. The royal family was said to be in line of Esen Tayisi . It shared the clan name Choros with the Dörbed and their ancestral legend resembles the Uyghur royal family's. The Dzungars and Dörbed are considered as the successor of the Naiman . ''Züün gar'' means left (east) hand (wing) in Mongolian although the Dzungars were in the west end of the Mongols. Maybe they were formed as the left wing of the Dörbed.

The Oirat Mongols were under the dominion of Jasaghtu Khan of the Khalkha . Khalakhula seems to have resisted against the Khalkha. In 1623 the Oirat confederation killed Ubasi Khong Tayiji , the first Altan Khan Of The Khalkha and gained independence.

In 1636 his son joined the expeditionary force to Tibet against the Karma school led by Güshi Khan and gave the title Baatur Khong Tayiji. After he returned to Dzungaria, the Dzungars rapidly gained strength. He made three expeditions against the Kazakh s.

In 1653 his son Sengge succeeded the Dzungars chief, but an internal strife with his half brother Chechen Tayiji involved the Khoshuud . With the support of Ochirtu Khan of the Khoshuud, this strife ended with Sengge's victory in 1661 . In 1667 he captured Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji , the third and last Altan Khan. He was killed by Chechen Tayiji in a coup in 1670 .

Sengge's younger brother Galdan immediately returned to lay life and took revenge on Chechen. As a Buddhist priest, Galdan had been to Tibet at the age of thirteen and had trained under the fourth Panchen Lama and then the Fifth Dalai Lama . In 1671 The Dalai Lama bestowed the title of Khong Tayiji on him. He came into conflict with Ochirtu Khan. The victory over Ochirtu in 1677 resulted in the establishment of hegemony over the Oirats. In the next year the Dalai Lama gave the highest title of Boshughtu Khan to Galdan.