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Doxycycline 		 

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Doxycycline
  CATEGORIES ABOUT DOXYCYCLINE
   
tetracycline antibiotics
   
antimalarial agents
   
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  IUPAC Name <small>(2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino
  CAS Number 564-25-0
  ATC Prefix J01
  ATC Suffix AA02
  PubChem 11256
  DrugBank APRD00597
  chemical Formula <sub>22</sub><sub>24</sub><sub>2</sub><sub>8</sub>
  molecular Weight 444435 G / Mol
  bioavailability completely absorbed after oral administration
  metabolism liver
  elimination Half-life 18-22 Hour s
  excretion urine, feces
  pregnancy Category US: D AU:
  legal Status Prescription Only
  routes Of Administration Oral , Periodontal system, Intravenous , Intramuscular


Doxycycline is a member of the Tetracycline Antibiotics group and is commonly used to treat a variety of Infection s. Brand names include Monodox®, Periostat®, Vibramycin®, Vibra-Tabs®, Doryx®, Vibrox®, Adoxa®, and Atridox® (topical doxycycline hyclate for gum disease).


INDICATED USES

As well as the general indications for all members of the Tetracycline Antibiotics group, Doxycycline is frequently used to treat chronic Prostatitis , Sinusitis , Syphilis , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease , Acne and Rosacea . In addition it is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of Bacillus Anthracis ( Anthrax ) and Malaria .

It is also effective against '' Yersinia Pestis '' (the infectious agent of bubonic plague) and is prescribed for the treatment of Lyme Disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever .

Elephantiasis is a disease caused by a Nematode (worm) '' Wuchereria Bancrofti ''. It causes swollen limbs and genitals ( Filariasis ) and affects over 120 million people in the world. Previous anti-nematode treatments have been limited by poor levels of effectiveness, drug side effects and high costs. Doxycycyline was shown in 2003 to kill the symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria upon which the nematodes are dependant.1
Field trials in 2005 showed that Doxycycline almost completely eliminates blood-borne filaria when given for an 8 week course.23


CAUTIONS AND SIDE EFECTS

Are as for other members of the Tetracycline Antibiotics group. However the 10% risk of Photosensitivity Skin Reactions is of particular importance for those intending long-term use for malaria prophylaxis.

Unlike some other members of the group, it may be used in those with renal impairment.


EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS

At subantimicrobial doses, doxycycline is an inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase s, and has been used in various experimental systems for this purpose.

Incidentally, doxcycline has also been used to regulate Transgene expression in mice using the Tet-on gene control system.


REFERENCES AND NOTES




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