Doomsday Clock

The clock was started at ''seven minutes to midnight'' during the Cold War in 1947, and has subsequently been moved forwards or backwards at intervals, depending on the state of the world and the prospects for Nuclear War . Its setting is relatively arbitrary, set by the Board of Directors at the ''Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists'' in response to global affairs. The setting of the clock has not always been fast enough to cope with the speed of global events, either; one of the closest periods to nuclear war, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, reached its head and resolution in a number of weeks, and the clock either could not be changed or was not changed to reflect any of this at the time. Nevertheless, the changing of the clock usually does provoke attention, which is presumably the goal of the ''Bulletin'' Directors.

The clock was last changed in 2002 back to seven minutes to midnight, after recent deterioration in International Relations . Each time Nuclear Conflict comes closer, it is moved forward. Conversely, the minute hand moves back as world events improve. It has been moved 17 times in response to international events since its initial start at seven minutes to midnight in 1947:

# 1949 - The Soviet Union tests its first Atomic Bomb . Clock changed to '''three''' minutes to midnight (-4 change).
# 1953 - The United States and the Soviet Union test thermonuclear devices within nine months of one another. Clock changed to '''two''' minutes to midnight (-1 change).
# 1960 - In response to a perception of increased scientific cooperation and public understanding of the dangers of nuclear weapons, clock is changed to '''seven''' minutes to midnight (+5 change).
# 1963 - The United States and Soviet Union sign the Partial Test Ban Treaty , limiting atmospheric nuclear testing. Clock changed to '''twelve''' minutes to midnight (+5 change).
# 1968 - France and China acquire and test nuclear weapons ( 1960 and 1964 respectively), wars rage on in the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, and Vietnam . Clock changed to '''seven''' minutes to midnight (-5 change).
# 1969 - The U.S. Senate ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . Clock changed to '''ten''' minutes to midnight (+3 change).
# 1972 - The United States and the Soviet Union sign the SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty . Clock changed to '''twelve''' minutes to midnight (+2 change).
# 1974 - India tests a nuclear device ( Smiling Buddha ), SALT II talks stall. Clock changed to '''nine''' minutes to midnight (-3 change).
# 1980 - Further deadlock in US-USSR talks, increase in nationalist wars and terrorist actions. Clock changed to '''seven''' minutes to midnight (-2 change).
# 1981 - Arms race escalates, conflicts in Afghanistan , South Africa , and Poland add to world tension. Clock changed to '''four''' minutes to midnight (-3 change).
# 1984 - Further escalation of the arms race under the U.S. policies of Ronald Reagan . Clock changed to '''three''' minutes to midnight (-1 change).
# 1988 - The U.S. and the Soviet Union sign treaty to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear forces, relations improve. Clock changed to '''six''' minutes to midnight (+3 change).
# 1990 - Fall of the Berlin Wall , success of anti-communist movements in Eastern Europe, Cold War nearing an end. Clock changed to '''ten''' minutes to midnight (+4 change).
# 1991 - United States and Soviet Union sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty . Clock changed to '''seventeen''' minutes to midnight (+7 change).
# 1995 - Global military spending continues at Cold War levels; concerns about post-Soviet nuclear proliferation of weapons and brainpower. Clock changed to '''fourteen''' minutes to midnight (-3 change).
# 1998 - Both India and Pakistan test nuclear weapons in a tit-for-tat show of aggression; the United States and Russia run into difficulties in further reducing stockpiles. Clock changed to '''nine''' minutes to midnight (-5 change).
# 2002 - Little progress on global nuclear disarmament; United States rejects a series of arms control treaties and announces its intentions to withdraw from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty ; terrorists seek to acquire nuclear weapons. Clock changed to '''seven''' minutes to midnight (-2 change).

IN FICTION

The Doomsday Clock is referenced in Piers Anthony 's novel, ''Wielding A Red Sword'', in which the mythical Incarnation Of War can control the position of the hands up to midnight and therefore bring about World War 3 .

The clock illustrations used in the Watchmen graphic novel series could be a reference to The Doomsday Clock. In the first chapter, a newspaper on Adrian Veidt's desk says "NUCLEAR DOOMSDAY CLOCK STANDS AT FIVE TO TWELVE WARN EXPERTS".

IN MUSIC

The Doomsday Clock is alluded to throughout Two Minutes To Midnight , a single from Iron Maiden 's album '' Powerslave ''.

The song "Def. Con. One." by the band Pop Will Eat Itself : "Ten to doomsday, moving fast... Heads up! Mind that blast. No time to sleep, it's Def. Con. One. Can't get no sleep as the ticking ticks on."

The song " Why Did I Fall For That " by The Who has the lines "Four minutes to midnight on a sunny day/Maybe if we smile the clock'll fade/Maybe we can force the hands to just reverse... We simply believe that we'd remain intact/But history is asking why did you fall for that".

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Doomsday Clock