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BACKGROUND By the early years of the 1970s, the unpopularity of the Vietnam War and the unfolding Watergate scandal brought the era of minimal oversight to a screeching halt. The Congress was determined to rein in the Nixon administration and to ascertain the extent to which the nation's intelligence agencies had been involved in questionable, if not outright illegal, activities. A series of troubling revelations started to appear in the press concerning intelligence activities. First came the revelations of 's Senate investigations that resulted. The dam broke on 22 December 1974 , when The New York Times published a lengthy article by Seymour Hersh detailing operations engaged in by the CIA over the years that had been dubbed the "family jewels." Covert action programs involving assassination attempts against foreign leaders and covert attempts to subvert foreign governments were reported for the first time. In addition, the article discussed efforts by intelligence agencies to collect information on the political activities of US citizens. These revelations convinced many Senators and Representatives that the Congress itself had been too lax, trusting, and naive in carrying out its oversight responsibilities. (Many of the so-called family jewels had been briefed to some members on the existing oversight panels, but in the highly charged atmosphere of the Watergate period they tended to opt for selective amnesia when asked if they had known about these activities.)Information is from a public-domain CIA site, Center for the Study of Intelligence, which is a US governmental organization. OVERVIEW In 1975 and 1976, the Church Committee published fourteen reports on the formation of U.S. Intelligence agencies, their operations, and the alleged abuses of law and of power that they had committed, together with recommendations for reform, some of which were put in place. Among the matters investigated were attempts to Assassinate foreign leaders, including Patrice Lumumba of the Congo , Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic , the Diem brothers of Vietnam , Gen. Rene Schneider of Chile and President John F. Kennedy 's plan to use the Mafia to kill Fidel Castro of Cuba . Under recommendations and pressure by this committee, President Gerald Ford issued Executive Order 11905 (ultimately replaced in 1981 by President Reagan 's Executive Order 12333 ) to ban US sanctioned assassinations of foreign leaders, reducing United States options in cases where diplomacy has failed. Together, the Church Committee's reports have been said to constitute the most extensive review of Intelligence activities ever made available to the public. Much of the contents were classified, but more than 50,000 pages have since been declassified under the 1992 JFK Assassination Records Collection Act . SECTIONS OF THE CHURCH COMMITTEE REPORT Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders ''(Index Only, in text form)'' (364 pages) :Volume 1: Unauthorized Storage of Toxic Agents (249 pages) :Volume 2: Huston Plan (409 pages) :Volume 3: Internal Revenue Service (128 pages) :Volume 4: Mail Opening (264 pages) : Volume 5: The National Security Agency and Fourth Amendment Rights (169 pages) :Volume 6: Federal Bureau of Investigation (1010 pages) :Volume 7: Covert Action (234 pages) :Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence (659 pages) : Book II: Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans (412 pages) : Book III: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans (989 pages) :Book IV: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence (181 pages) :Book V: The Investigation of the Assassination of President J.F.K.: Performance of the Intelligence Agencies (112 pages) :Book VI: Supplementary Reports on Intelligence Activities (384 pages) Books II and III "Church Committee" report Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. United States Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, April 26 (legislative day, April 14), 1976. "Church Committee Report" . Archived on COINTELPRO sources website . Transcription and HTML by Paul Wolf. Retrieved April 19, 2005.
: I. Introduction and Summary : II. The Growth of Domestic Intelligence: 1936 to 1976 : III. Findings :: (A) Violating and Ignoring the Law :: (B) Overbreadth of Domestic Intelligence Activity :: (C) Excessive Use of Intrusive Techniques :: (D) Using Covert Action to Disrupt and Discredit Domestic Groups :: (E) Political Abuse of Intelligence Information :: (F) Inadequate Controls on Dissemination and Retention :: (G) Deficiencies in Control and Accountability : IV. Conclusions and Recommendations
DONALD RUMSFIELD AND THE CHURCH COMMITTEE "Another major issue for Rumsfeld was the effort by members of the Church Committee in the Senate and the . "It was Senator Church who said our intelligence agencies were 'rogue elephants.' They were supposedly out there assassinating people and playing dirty tricks and so forth...Well, that just wasn't true." Rumsfeld and Ellsworth prevent the committees from dismantling the CIA and other intelligence organizations." {Link without Title} FOOTNOTES SEE ALSO
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