|name=Chiricahua
|states= USA
|region= Oklahoma , New Mexico
|speakers=279 ( 1990 )
|familycolor=Na-Dene
|fam2=Athabaskan-Eyak
|fam3= Athabaskan
|fam4=Eastern
|iso2=apa|iso3=apm}}
Chiricahua is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Chiricahua tribe in Oklahoma and New Mexico . It is very closely related to the Mescalero language and more distantly related to Navajo and Western Apache . Chiricahua has been described in great detail by the anthropological linguist Harry Hoijer (1904-1976), especially in Hoijer & Opler (1938) and Hoijer (1946). Hoijer & Opler's Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts (including a grammatical sketch and traditional religious and secular stories) has been converted into an online "book" available from the University of Viriginia.
Sounds
Consonants
The 31 consonants of Chiricahua:
Vowels
The 16 vowels of Chiricahua:
Chiricahua has Phonemic Oral , Nasal , short, and long vowels.
References
- Grimes, Barbara F. (Ed.). (2000). Ethnologue: Languages of the world, (14th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671106-9. (Online edition: http://www.ethnologue.com/, accessed on Nov. 19th, 2004).
- Hoijer, Harry. (n.d.). Chiricahua Apache stems. (Unpublished manuscript).
- Hoijer, Harry. (1938). The southern Athapaskan languages. ''American Anthropologist'', ''40'' (1), 75-87.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1939). Chiricahua loan-words from Spanish. ''Language'', ''15'' (2), 110-115.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1945). Classificatory verb stems in the Apachean languages. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''11'' (1), 13-23.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1945). The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''11'' (4), 193-203.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''12'' (1), 1-13.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''12'' (2), 51-59.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). Chiricahua Apache. In C. Osgood (Ed.), ''Linguistic structures in North America''. New York: Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research.
- Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938). ''Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts''. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1964 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1970 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1980 under H. Hoijer by New York: AMS Press, ISBN 0-40415783-1).
- Opler, Morris E., & Hoijer, Harry. (1940). The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache. ''American Anthropologist'', ''42'' (4), 617-634.
- Pinnow, Jürgen. (1988). ''Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero language of the Chiricahua Apache: With side glances at the Mescalero ''. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Young, Robert W. (1983). Apachean languages. In A. Ortiz, W. C. Sturtevant (Eds.), ''Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest'', (Vol. 10), (p. 393-400). Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16004579-7.
- Young, Robert W., & Morgan, William, Sr. (1987). ''The Navajo language: A grammar and colloquial dictionary'', (rev. ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-1014-1.
External links
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