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For the other theatre of this name, see Chatham Theatre . The Chatham Garden Theatre or '''Chatham Theatre''', later renamed the '''Free Presbyterian Chatham Street Chapel''', was a Playhouse and later Presbyterian Chapel in the Chatham Gardens of New York City . It was located on the north side of Chatham Street on Park Row between Pearl and Duane streets in lower Manhattan . The grounds ran through to Augustus Street. The Chatham Garden Theatre was the first major competition to the high-class Park Theatre , though in its later years it sank to the bottom of New York's stratified theatrical order, below even the Bowery Theatre . The playhouse was converted to a church in 1832. CREATION AND EARLY SEASONS The theatre began quite humbly. In 1823 Hippolite Barrière , the manager of the Chatham Gardens in New York City , erected a white, canvas tent in his public pleasure grounds. He dubbed it the Pavilion Theatre and began staging drama there with a ticket price of 25¢.Brown 85. The tent, which was used for other concerts and plays, also housed a Saloon . The makeshift playhouse operated through the summer, perhaps the first such summer theatre in the United States.Wilmeth and Tice 90. Stephen Price , manager of New York's Park Theatre , tried to put a stop to Barrière's enterprise by reporting the tent to the authorities as a Fire Hazard . Barrière responded by erecting a brick-and-mortar structure on the site.Henderson 54. The new building, named the Chatham Garden Theatre, opened on 17 May 1824 and played through the normal season. The theater was an ornate structure designed by architect George Conklin . It had no Gallery , and it did not admit African American s.Wilmeth and Bigsby 143. The balcony was on the same level as the lobby and fronted the garden. The walls had slits and the doorways only blinds to facilitate airflow. Karl Bernhard , a visitor to New York in 1825-26, left this description: However, the theatre's location was difficult to find. It was only accessible by passing through private buildings on the west side of Chatham Street.Brown 84. The '' New York Mirror '' resorted to printing a map to show how to reach the place and offered these instructions: The Chatham Garden Theatre offered popular actors at reasonable prices, and it did well. The playhouse provided the first real competition for the upper-class Park Theatre in its second season, which began on 9 May 1825 . It remained a classy establishment for the next three seasons. During this time, it produced the first two American operas, '' The Sawmill '' in 1824 and '' The Forest Rose '' in 1825.Wilmeth and Bigsby 453. LATER MANAGEMENT Barrière died on 21 February 1826 . On 15 March , the Chatham Garden Theatre was sold at auction to Henry Wallack for $4,500.Brown 86. Wallack reopened it on 20 March for a four-month season. He then refurbished and redecorated the playhouse before reopening on 9 October 1826 . However, Wallack went Bankrupt , and he was forced to close the Chatham Garden Theatre in April 1827. Later managers changed the theatre's focus from upper-class drama and Opera to fare that appealed to the Lower Class es.Brown 88. A man named Megary took over as lessee and managed a short season beginning 16 June 1827 and another beginning on 3 December . Kilner and Maywood followed him, with a season beginning 9 June 1828 . In 1829, James H. Hackett took over and renamed the building the American Opera House. He offered two seasons of primarily light, popular music from 20 May 1829 to 1 September 1829 . George Barrett and C. Young took over from him on 24 December , but their tenure lasted less than two weeks.Brown 90. The Opera House became Blanchard's Amphi-theatre on 18 January 1830 , which specialized in Equestrian Entertainment and light drama. S. Phillips followed as manager on 11 March 1831 ; he lasted until May when Charles R. Thorne took the role. Finally, Thomas S. Hamblin purchased the theatre in late June 1831. The 1831-2 season was its last. Since Barrière's death, the Chatham Garden had slipped to the low end of New York's entertainment industry. It was known for fistfights among its patrons, drunken brawls, and openness to prostitution. Of New York's three big theatres (the Park and the Bowery being the other two), it had the roughest reputation.Kilde 28. Brothel s thrived on the same block.Bank 52. Frances Trollope described the playhouse in no uncertain terms: Nevertheless, Mrs Trollope's description reveals that the theatre may not have been as raffish as its reputation made it sound. The presense of a nursing mother suggests that the theatre was lower-class, certainly, but also family-oriented.Bank 52. PRESBYTERIAN CHAPEL In the spring of 1832, Lewis Tappan and William Green rented the building. They offered it to a Presbyterian minister named Charles Grandison Finney , who converted it into the Free Presbyterian Chatham Street Chapel. In October 1832, the chapel was the site of the U.S.'s first national Sunday School convention. Over the next ten years, Finney gave sermons each Sunday to crowds as large as 3000Lawrence 64. and led Revival s three times a week.Wilmeth and Bigsby 443. The Sacred Music Society , a popular religious Choir , rented the building for two nights a week in this period at a cost of $850 a year.Lawrence 64. Philip Hone described his reaction to a performance in 1835: In its later years, the church became a hotel. The building has since been demolished, and the land is now the site of a Metropolitan Correctional Center federal facility housing male and female pre-trial and holdover inmates, serving the Southern District Of New York . NOTES REFERENCES
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