| Calvin Coolidge |
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| nationality=american | image=Calvin Coolidge photo portrait head and shoulders.jpg | order=30th President | term_start= August 2 , 1923 | term_end= March 3 , 1929 | predecessor= Warren G. Harding | successor= Herbert Hoover | birth_date= July 4 , 1872 | birth_place= Plymouth, Vermont | death_date= January 5 , 1933 | death_place= Northampton, Massachusetts | spouse= Grace Goodhue Coolidge | party= Republican | vicepresident= Charles G. Dawes }} John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ( July 4 , 1872 – January 5 , 1933 ) was the twenty-ninth Vice President (1921-1923) and the 30th President Of The United States (1923-1929), succeeding to that office upon the death of Warren G. Harding . Early life and career John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was born in , born in 1906, and Calvin Jr., born in 1908. Drafthorse Journal - 2001 Coolidge was elected mayor of Northampton in 1910 and 1911, was a member of the State senate 1912-1915, serving as president of that body in 1914 and 1915. He was Lieutenant Governor of the state from 1916-1918, and Governor from 1919-1920. In 1919, Coolidge gained national attention when he ordered the Massachusetts National Guard to forcefully end the Boston Police Department strike. He later wrote to labor leader Samuel Gompers , "there is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime." American President - Calvin Coolidge Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - Calvin Coolidge Presidency 1923-1929 Coolidge made a weak effort to secure the Republican Presidential nomination in 1920, losing to Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio . Party leaders wanted to nominate Wisconsin Senator Irvine Lenroot for Vice President . However, convention delegates stampeded and nominated Coolidge. The Harding-Coolidge ticket won handily against Ohio Governor James M. Cox and Assistant Secretary Of The Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt in a Landslide , 60.36 to 34.19 percent (404 to 127 in the Electoral College ). Coolidge, his wife Grace & Kansas Senator Charles Curtis on their way to the Capitol building on inauguration day, March 4 , 1925 .]] Harding was inaugurated on , 1923 ; Coolidge was resworn by Chief Justice William Howard Taft upon his return to Washington. Policies Coolidge was easily elected President of the United States in his own right in was the first presidential inauguration broadcast on radio; on February 12 , 1924 he became the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio and on February 22 he also became the first to deliver such a speech from the White House . Coolidge was the last President of the United States who did not attempt to intervene in ." Coolidge not only lowered taxes, but also reduced the National Debt . Although some later commentators have dismissed Coolidge as a doctrinaire, , imposed economic controls during World War I , favored safety measures in factories, and even worker representation on corporate boards. Did he support these measures while president? No, because in the 1920s, such matters were considered the responsibilities of state and local governments." Coolidge and American Business - Robert Sobel, John F. Kennedy Library And Museum The administration was not isolationist. Its most notable initiative was the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, named for Coolidge's Secretary of State, Frank Kellogg , and for French foreign minister Aristide Briand . The treaty, ratified in 1929, committed signatories including the U.S., the United Kingdom , France , Germany , Italy , and Japan to "renounce War , as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another." The treaty had mixed results, as it failed to prevent any wars, but did provide the founding principle for international law after WWII. Coolidge did not seek renomination; he announced his decision with typical terseness: "I do not choose to run for President in 1928 ." After leaving office, he and wife Grace returned to Northampton, where his political career had begun. Major presidential acts
Administation and Cabinet |- |, 1924 , President Coolidge had signed a bill granting Native Americans full U.S. Citizenship . Coolidge is shown above on October 22 , 1924 holding a ceremonial hat given to him by the Smoki Indian tribe of Prescott, Arizona .]] |- | in 1924 .]] Supreme Court appointments Coolidge appointed the following Justice to the Supreme Court Of The United States :
Retirement and death In his post-White House years, Coolidge served as chairman of the non-partisan in Lewiston, Maine. Coolidge published an on January 5 , 1933 at the age of 60. Prior to his death, Coolidge felt disappointed about Hoover's re-election defeat, after which his health began to decline very rapidly. Shortly before his death, Coolidge confided to an old friend: "I feel I no longer fit in these times." Coolidge is buried beneath a simple headstone in Notch Cemetery, Plymouth Notch , Vermont, where the family homestead is maintained as a museum. The State of Vermont dedicated a new historic-site visitors' center nearby to mark Coolidge's 100th birthday on July 4 , 1972 . "Silent Cal" It is said that a White House dinner guest once made a bet with her friends that she could get the president to say at least three words during the course of the meal. Upon telling Coolidge of her wager, he replied simply with the words "You lose." "Silent Cal" However, another one of Coolidge's dinner guests had this to say "I cannot help feeling that persons who complained about his silence as a dinner partner never really tried to get beyond trivialities to which he did not think it worth while to respond." Before his election in 1924 , Coolidge's younger son, Calvin, Jr., contracted a blister from playing tennis on the White House courts. The blister became infected, and Calvin, Jr. died. After that, Coolidge, a man of few words who had already earned the nickname "Silent Cal," became more withdrawn. People who knew the President said he never fully recovered from his son's death. He said that "when he died, the glory of the Presidency went with him." His withdrawn nature was also was the inspiration for the mnemonic, Cool Cal." References Scholarly sources
Primary sources
Other An academic conference on Coolidge was held July 30-31, 1998 , at the John F. Kennedy Library to mark the 75th anniversary of his lantern-light homestead inaugural. Notes Noted Quotes
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