| Caddoan Languages |
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Information AboutCaddoan Languages |
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The Caddoan languages are a Family of Native American Languages . They are spoken across the Great Plains of the central United States , from North Dakota to Oklahoma . Family division There are 5 Caddoan languages: I. North Caddoan (a.k.a. Pawnee) : 1. Kitsai (a.k.a. Kichai) ''(†)'' : 2. Wichita (dialects: Wichita proper, Waco, Towakoni) : A. Proto-Pawnee :: 3. Arikara (a.k.a. Ree) :: 4. Pawnee (dialects: South Bend, Skiri ''(a.k.a. Skidi or Wolf Band)'') II. South Caddoan : 5. Caddo (dialects: Kadohadacho, Hasinai, Natchitoches, Yatasi) The Kitsai language is now Extinct . Caddo , Wichita , and Pawnee are presently spoken in Oklahoma. Arikara is spoken on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota . Some of the languages were formerly more widespread; the Caddo , for example, used to live in northeastern Texas , southwestern Arkansas , and northwestern Louisiana as well as southeastern Oklahoma. The Pawnee formerly lived along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska . Genetic relations Adai , a Language Isolate known only from a 275-word list, may be a Caddoan language, but the documentation is too scanty to determine with certainty. Wallace Chafe finds the relationship unlikely. It has been proposed that Caddoan is related to Keresan or a part of a Macro-Siouan stock (along with Siouan and Iroquoian ). The Keresan-Caddoan connection is now mostly rejected. Caddoan as part of Macro-Siouan is a possibility, but more research is required to determine the validity of this proposal. Links Indiana University-Bloomington American Indian Studies Research Institute's Northern Caddoan Linguistic Text Corpora site: and Dictionary Database Search (includes Arikara, Skiri Pawnee, South Band Pawnee, Assiniboine [Nakoda , and Yanktonai Sioux [Dakota]):[http://zia.aisri.indiana.edu/~dictsearch/] Bibilography
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