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DUCHY OF BRUNSWICK-LüNEBURG The state emerged from the inheritance of the first Saxon state of Henry The Lion in the late 12th century. Henry was deposed by the Emperor as Duke of Saxony, but retained various Lower Saxon lands which were inherited by his children as the Duchies of Brunswick and Lüneburg. The first duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was Otto The Child , who reigned from 1235 on. After 1267 the duchy was split into two partial states, the lines of Lüneburg and of Wolfenbüttel (which later became a multitude of partial states), but all of them were ruled by the Welfen dynasty and maintained close relations. The centres of power moved in the meantime from Brunswick and Lüneburg to Celle and Wolfenbüttel . While there is a total of about a dozen subdivisions that existed, some of them were only dynastic and were not recognized as states of the Empire. In the List Of Reichstag Participants (1792) , the following four subdivisions of Brunswick-Lüneburg are represented:
From 1705 on, all lines except Wolfenbüttel were held by Calenberg. After the end of the Holy Roman Empire, Calenberg and its possessions continued to exist under the name of Hanover; Wolfenbüttel continued to exist under the name of Brunswick. FROM CALENBERG TO HANOVER One of the collateral lines was the line of the dukes of Calenberg , who managed to gain all the territory of the former duchy except for that of the Wolfenbüttel line. The city of Hanover was the residence of the Calenberg line. Calenberg (sometimes also called Calenberg-Celle) was made an electorate by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1692 . It was then known under many different names (Brunswick-Lüneburg, Calenberg, Hanover), but eventually became the state of Hanover . BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBüTTEL The Wolfenbüttel line retained its independence from Hanover, except for the period from 1807 to 1813 , when it was made part of the Kingdom Of Westphalia . The Congress Of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent country under the name Duchy of Brunswick, with Wolfenbüttel as its capital. While the kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866 , the Duchy of Brunswick remained and joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire . With the death of Duke William , the Wolfenbüttel line came to an end. The duchy would have passed on to the Hanover line, but since the Hanoverians refused to accept the Prussian annexation of their kingdom, they were not allowed to accede to rule in Brunswick. The duchy was governed by regents until in 1913 , when the Hanover line was reconciled to the Hohenzollern dynasty, renounced its rights to the Kingdom of Hanover and Ernst August, Duke Of Brunswick-Lüneburg became duke of Brunswick. In 1918 the Duke had to abdicate and the Free State of Brunswick was founded as a member state of the Weimar Republic . In 1946 , it was made a part of the newly founded state of Lower Saxony . Some small parts (mainly around Blankenburg ) were made part of Saxony-Anhalt . Inside of Lower Saxony, Brunswick continued to exist for some time as the Administrative Region of Brunswick . Brunswick had an area of 3690 km&2 and 580,000 inhabitants (1939). Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg and Princes of Wolfenbüttel, 1267 -1807 House Of Welf , Elder House of Brunswick
House of Welf, Second House of Brunswick
House of Welf, Younger House of Brunswick Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg, 1813-1918 House of Welf, Younger House of Brunswick, restored # 1813 - 1815 : Frederick William # # Imperial regents # , regent # , regent House of Welf, House Of Hanover # Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissioners of the Republic of Brunswick, 1918-1919 # ( USPD ) # ( SPD ) Minister presidents of the Republic of Brunswick, 1919-1946 # 1919 - 1920 : Heinrich Jasper (SPD) # 1920 - 1921 : Sepp Oerter (USPD) # (SPD) # (SPD) # 1922 : Heinrich Jasper (SPD) # ( DVP ) # 1927 - 1930 : Heinrich Jasper (SPD) # ( DNVP ) # ( NSDAP ) # (SPD) # (SPD) DISTRICTS The Duchy of Brunswick was subdivided into District s (''Kreise'') in 1833 . The following districts existed from 1833 to 1946:
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