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2nd century BC
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1st century BC
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1st century
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52 BC
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51 BC
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50 BC
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49 BC
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48 BC
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47 BC
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46 BC
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70s BC
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60s BC
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50s BC
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40s BC
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30s BC
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20s BC
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10s BC
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- Roman Republic
- ---, Gaius Claudius Marcellus Major
- ---The Great Roman Civil War commences -
-- January 1 - The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command.
-- January 10 - Julius Caesar leads his army across the Rubicon , which separates his jurisdiction (Cisalpine Gaul) from that of the Senate (Italy), and thus initiates a civil war. In response, the Roman Senate invokes the '' Senatus Consultum Ultimum ''.
--February, Pompey's flight to Epirus (in Western Greece) with most of the Senate
--March 9, Caesar advances against Pompeian forces in Spain
--April 19, Caesar's siege of Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus ; the siege was conducted later by Caesarian Gaius Trebonius
--June, Caesar arrives in Spain ; seizes the Pyrenees passes against the Pompeians L. Afranius and M. Petreius .
-- June 7 – Cicero slips out of Italy and goes to Salonika .
--July 30, Caesar surrounds Afranius and Petreius's army in Ilerda
--August 2, Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar
-- August 24 - Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I Of Numidia (whom he defeated earlier in the Battle Of Utica ), in the Battle Of The Bagradas River , and commits suicide.
-- September - Decimus Brutus , a Caesarian, defeats the combined Pompeian-Massilian naval forces in the naval Battle Of Massilia , while the Caesarian fleet in the Adriatic is defeated near Curicta ( Krk )
--September 6, Massilia surrendered to Caesar, coming back from Spain
--October, Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome