- Roman Empire
- --- Gallienus becomes Emperor.
- ---Gallienus defends what remains of the empire against barbarians and usurpers. He reorganizes the army and reforms the administration.
- ---Gallienus reinforces the military and establishes a new mobile force supported by the cavalry, which becomes the pivot of the Roman army. The army's headquarters are established in Milan .
- ---Roman fort of Wiesbaden ( Germany ) captured by the Alamanni (possibly 259 ).
- --- Franks took control over the Scheldt estuary (approximate date).
- Arts and Sciences
- ---Earliest known date of Chess .
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