| 1917 Constitution Of Mexico |
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Information About1917 Constitution Of Mexico |
This article is about the current Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. For earlier constitutional texts governing that country, see Constitutions Of Mexico . The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 is the present Constitution of Mexico . The 1917 Constitution was drafted in Santiago De Querétaro during the Mexican Revolution . It was approved by the Constitutional Congress on February 5 , 1917 , with Venustiano Carranza serving as the first President under its terms. The ''Día de la Constitución'' ( Constitution Day ) is one of Mexico's annual Fiestas Patrias or Public Holidays , commemorating the promulgation of the Constitution. Although the anniversary is on February 5, the official holiday takes place on the first Monday of February, regardless the date. Articles of the Constitution Article 1: This article talks about how every individual in the Mexico ( official name, Estados Unidos Mexicanos,) has the rights that the Constitution gives. These rights cannot be denied and they cannot be suspended. Only in the cases and conditions which the Constitution itself gives. Slavery is illegal in Mexico, any slaves from abroad who enter national territory will just because of this be given liberty and the protection of the laws. All types of discrimination whether it be for ethnic origin, national origin, gender, age, different capacities, the social condition, health condition, religion, opinions, preferences, or the civil state or any other which attacks the human dignity and has as an objective to destroy the rights and liberties of the people. Article 2: The Mexican nation is unique and undiviadable. The nation is pluricultural based originally on it's indigenous tribes which are those that are descendents of the people that live in the actual territory of the country at the beginning of the colonization and that preserve their own social, economic, cultural, political institutions. The awareness of their indigenous identity should be fundamental criteria to determine to who the dispositions over indigenous tribes are applied. They are integral communities of an indigenous tribe those that form a social, economic and cultural organization. Among the most frequently cited articles of the Constitution are Articles 3, 27, 123 and 130. Article 3 covers the matter of education in Mexico, and its main principle is that all of the education financed by the state is to be free and non-religious. Article 33: "Foreigners may not in any way participate in the political affairs of the country." Article 32: "Mexicans shall have priority over foreigners under equality of circumstances for all classes of concessions and for all employment, positions, or commissions of the Government in which the status of citizenship is not indispensable." Article 32: foreigners, immigrants, and even naturalized citizens of Mexico may not serve as military officers, Mexican-flagged ship and airline crew, or chiefs of seaports and airports. Article 55: A Mexican congressman or senator must be "a Mexican citizen by birth." Article 91 cabinet officers must be Mexican by birth. Article 95: Supreme Court justices must be Mexican by birth. Article 130 Immigrants may not become members of the clergy. Article 11: Protects citzens from "undesirable aliens resident in the country." Grants private individuals authorization to make citizen's arrests. Article 16: "In cases of flagrante delicto, any person may arrest the offender and his accomplices, turning them over without delay to the nearest authorities." Article 33: "the Federal Executive shall have the exclusive power to compel any foreigner whose remaining he may deem inexpedient to abandon the national territory immediately and without the necessity of previous legal action." Article 27: Only Mexicans by birth or naturalization and Mexican companies have the right to acquire ownership of lands, waters, and their appurtenances, or to obtain concessions for the exploitation of mines or of waters. All of the land in the country is originally the property of the nation, which can grant control over it to private citizens, albeit with certain restrictions – for instance, foreign citizens cannot own land within 100 km of the borders or 50 km of the sea, that an area of land next to the coast is federal property which cannot be sold to particulars, and that only the nation may control, extract, and process petroleum and its derivatives. Article 123 covers the rights of workers, including the eight-hour work day, the right to strike, the right to a day's rest per week, and the right to a proper indemnization following unjustified termination of the working relationship by the employer. Article 130 states that Church and State are to remain separate. It provides for the obligatory state registration of all "churches and religious groupings" and places a series of restrictions on priests and ministers of all religions (ineligible to hold public office, to canvas on behalf of political parties or candidates, to inherit from persons other than close blood relatives, etc.). Other articles Article 18 makes provisions relating to arrest and imprisonment. The Article's emphasis on "social readjustment of the offender" was interpreted for a time after 2001 as forbidding sentences of Life Imprisonment , which led to the refusal of some extradition requests from the United States . See also External links |