18th Century

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As a means of recording the passage of Time , ''the 18th century'' refers to the Century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian Calendar .

European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715 - 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV Of France and the start of the French Revolution .


EVENTS


1700s

• founded by Peter The Great . Russian Capital until 1918 .


• passed merging the Scottish and the English Parliaments, thus establishing The Kingdom Of Great Britain .


• 's death, the Mughal Empire enters a long decline.

1710s

• died leaving France deep in debt.


• founded by the French in North America

1720s

• becomes the first Prime Minister Of Great Britain ( De Facto ).


• signed, ending the Great Northern War .




• conquer Iran, ending the Safavid Dynasty .


• of China dies.

1730s

• of China oversees a huge expansion in territory.


• assumes title of Shah of Persia and founds the Afsharid Dynasty . Rules until his death in 1747 .


• defeats the Mughals and sacks Delhi .

1740s

• crowned King of Prussia .




• ns begin settling the Aleutian Islands .


• founds the Durrani Empire in modern day Afghanistan .

1750s

• fought among European powers in various theaters around the world.


• signals the beginning of British rule in India .

1760s

• becomes King of Britain.


• of Russia .




• conquer the Ayutthaya Kingdom .


• s conquer Nepal .




• Missionaries establish the first of 21 Missions in California .


• kills one third of the Indian population.

1770s

• end the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and erase Poland from the map for 123 years.






• between British and Boer settlers and the Xhosa s in South Africa

1780s

• between the United States and Native Americans


• found Freetown in present-day Sierra Leone .


• at Sydney .


• elected President Of The United States . Serves until 1797 .

1790s

, 1789 , an iconic event of the French Revolution .]]

• 1791 Jewish Emancipation in France.




• starts as the French Revolutionary Wars which lead into the Napoleonic Wars .


• founded.


• Bans Slavery .


• between the United States and Spain grants the Mississippi Territory to the US.


• .


• 's invasion and partition of the Republic Of Venice ends over 1,000 years of independence for the Serene Republic.


• between the United States and France .


• stages a Coup D'état and becomes Dictator of France .


• is dissolved.

SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE

• Maria Gaetana Agnesi , Italian mathematician and linguist


• Ahmad Shah Abdali , Afghan King


• Ueda Akinari , Japanese writer


• Jean Le Rond D'Alembert , French mathematician, physicist, and encyclopedist


• Queen Anne , British monarch


• Marie Antoinette , Austrian-born French Queen


• Aurangzeb , Mughal Emperor


• Johann Sebastian Bach , German composer


• George Berkeley , Irish empiricist philosopher


• Pierre Beaumarchais , French writer


• Jeremy Bentham , English philosopher and reformer


• Daniel Bernoulli , Swiss mathematician and physicist


• François Boucher , French painter


• Edmund Burke , British statesman and philosopher


• Robert Burns , Scottish poet


• Catherine The Great , Russian Tsaritsa


• Alexis Clairault , French mathematician


• James Cook , British navigator


• François Couperin , French composer


• Denis Diderot , French writer and philosopher


• Eugenio Espejo , Ecuadorian scientist


• Leonhard Euler , Swiss mathematician


• Jean-Honoré Fragonard , French painter


• Benjamin Franklin , American scientist and statesman


• Frederick The Great , Prussian monarch


• Thomas Gainsborough , English painter


• Carl Friedrich Gauss , German mathematician, physicist and astronomer


• King George III , British monarch


• Christoph Willibald Gluck , German composer


• Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe , German writer


• George Frideric Handel , German composer


• Alexander Hamilton , American statesman


• Joseph Haydn , Austrian composer


• William Hogarth , English painter and engraver


• David Hume , Scottish philosopher


• Thomas Jefferson , American statesman


• Samuel Johnson , British writer and literary critic


• Kangxi Emperor , China


• Immanuel Kant , German philosopher


• Pierre Choderlos De Laclos , French writer


• Joseph Louis Lagrange , Italian-French mathematician and physicist


• Pierre Simon Laplace , French physicist and mathematician


• John Law , Scottish economist


• Mikhail Lomonosov , Russian scientist


• Antoine Lavoisier , French chemist


• Adrien-Marie Legendre , French mathematician


• Louis XV Of France , French monarch


• Louis XVI Of France , French monarch


• James Madison , American statesman


• Maria Theresa Of Austria , Austrian Empress


• Michikinikwa , Miami tribe chief and war leader


• Honoré Mirabeau French writer and politician


• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Austrian composer


• Nadir Shah , Persian King


• Thomas Paine , British intellectual


• Pius VI , Roman Pope


• François-André Danican Philidor , French composer and chess master


• Marquis Of Pombal , Portuguese Prime Minister


• Alexander Pope , British poet


• Qianlong Emperor , China


• Francis II Rákóczi , prince of Hungary and Transylvania, Revolutionary leader


• Jean-Philippe Rameau , French composer


• Bartolomeo Rastrelli , Italian-born Russian architect


• Sir Joshua Reynolds , British painter


• Maximilien Robespierre , French revolutionary leader and dictator


• Jean-Jacques Rousseau , French writer and philosopher


• Domenico Scarlatti , Italian composer.


• Friedrich Schiller , German writer


• John Small, Sr , English cricketer


• Adam Smith , Scottish economist and philosopher


• Laurence Sterne , British writer


• Edward "Lumpy" Stevens , English cricketer


• Alexander Suvorov , Russian military leader


• Jonathan Swift , Anglo-Irish satirist


• Toussaint L'Ouverture , Haitian revolutionary leader


• Tupac Amaru II , Peruvian revolutionary


• Antonio Vivaldi , Italian composer


• Voltaire , French writer and philosopher


• Robert Walpole , British Prime Minister


• George Washington , American general and first president


• James Watt , Scottish scientist and inventor


• Antoine Watteau , French painter


• John Wesley , British churchman, founder of Methodism


• William Pitt , British Prime Minister

See Founding Fathers Of The United States


INVENTIONS, DISCOVERIES, INTRODUCTIONS

• Industrial Revolution begins


• The Encyclopédie by the Encyclopedist s


• The English Dictionary by Samuel Johnson


• Economics by Adam Smith


• Rosetta Stone discovered by Napoleon 's troops.


• Vitus Bering discovered Alaska .


• James Cook mapped the boundaries of the Pacific Ocean and discovered many Pacific Islands .


• Wahhabism by Muhammad Ibn Abd Al Wahhab

DECADES AND YEARS