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| align="center" colspan=2 | Years:
1880 1881 1882 - 1883 - 1884 1885 1886
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| align="center" colspan=2 | 1860s 1870s - 1880s ''' - 1890s 1900s 1910s
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| align="center" | - 19th Century ''' - 20th Century
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1883 (''' MDCCCLXXXIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Monday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January 10 - A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee kills 71
- January 16 - The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act , establishing the United States Civil Service , is passed
- January 19 - The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service ( Roselle, New Jersey ) It was built by Thomas Edison .
- February 16 - '' Ladies Home Journal '' is published for the first time.
- February 23 - Alabama becomes the first U.S. State to enact an Antitrust Law .
- February 28 - The first Vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts .
- March - An Australian Catholic school, Star Of The Sea College is founded in Elsternwick, Victoria (now known as Gardenstown ) by the Irish Presentation Sisters .
- May 24 - Brooklyn Bridge is opened to traffic after 14 years of construction.
- May 30 - In New York City , a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge was going to collapse causes a stampede which crushes twelve people.
- June 30 - First appearance of '' The Black Arrow '' by Robert Louis Stevenson as a serial in ''Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature''. Stevenson would complete the novel at the end of summer in France.
- July 3 - '' SS Daphne '' disaster in Glasgow leaves 124 dead.
- July 4 - Worlds first Rodeo held in Pecos, TX .
- July 22 – Zulu king Cetshwayo barely escapes rebel attack with his life.
- August - King William's College is opened on the Isle Of Man .
- August 12 - The last Quagga dies at the Artis Magistra Zoo in Amsterdam .
- August 26 - 28 - Krakatau Volcano eruption (local time)- 163 villages destroyed, 36380 dead.
- September 15 - The Bombay Natural History Society is founded.
- September 29 - A consortium of flour mill operators in Minneapolis, Minnesota form the Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie And Atlantic Railway as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports but avoid the high tariffs of Chicago, Illinois .
- October 1 - Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney , Australia . It is the first boys public school in Australia.
- October 4 - The Boys' Brigade is founded in Glasgow , Scotland . It is the first Uniformed Youth Organisation in existence.
- October 4 - Orient Express begins operation.
- October 15 - The Supreme Court Of The United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act Of 1875 to be unconstitutional since it allowed individuals and corporations to discriminate based on Race .
- October 20 - Peru and Chile signed the Treaty Of Ancón , by which the Tarapacá province was ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War Of The Pacific .
- October 30 - Two Clan Na Gael Dynamite bombs explode in the London Underground , injuring several people. Next day Home Secretary Vernon Harcourt drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground and introduces the Explosives Bill . Public continues as before.
- November 1 - Amsterdam : The first international colonial and export exhibition closed having had over 1 million visitors.
- the Po-8" gets away with his last Stagecoach robbery, but leaves an incriminating clue that eventually leads to his capture.
- November 18 - US and Canadian Railroad s institute five standard continental Time Zone s, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
- November 28 - Whitman College is chartered as a four-year college in Walla Walla, Washington .
Unknown date
Births
January-June
- January 1 - Ichirō Hatoyama , Prime Minister Of Japan (d. 1959 )
- January 3 - Clement Attlee , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (d. 1967 )
- January 6 - Khalil Gibran , Lebanese poet, painter, and novelist (d. 1931 )
- January 10 - Francis X. Bushman , American actor (d. 1966 )
- January 10 - Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi , Russian writer (d. 1945 )
- January 20 - Bertram Ramsay , British admiral (d. 1945 )
- January 21 - Olav Aukrust , Norwegian poet (d. 1929 )
- February 7 - Eubie Blake , American musician and composer (d. 1983 )
- February 15 - Sax Rohmer , English author (d. 1959 )
- February 22 - Marguerite Clark , American silent film actress (d. 1940 )
- February 23 - Karl Jaspers , German philosopher (d. 1969 )
- February 23 - Victor Fleming , American film director (d. 1949 )
- March 4 - Sam Langford , Canadian boxer (d. 1956 )
- March 19 - Walter Haworth , British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950 )
- March 19 - Joseph Stilwell , American soldier (d. 1946 )
- April 1 - Lon Chaney, Sr. , American actor (d. 1930 )
- April 11 - Hozumi Shigeto , Japanese author (d. 1951 )
- April 15 - Stanley Bruce , eighth Prime Minister Of Australia (d. 1967 )
- April 30 - Jaroslav Hašek , Czech writer (d. 1923 )
- May 1 - Tom Moore , Irish actor (d. 1955 )
- May 18 - Walter Gropius , German architect (d. 1969 )
- May 20 - King Faisal I Of Iraq (d. 1933 )
- May 23 - Douglas Fairbanks , American actor (d. 1939 )
- May 31 - Lauri Kristian Relander , President Of Finland (d. 1942 )
- June 5 - John Maynard Keynes , English economist (d. 1946 )
- June 7 - Sylvanus G. Morley , American scholar and World War I spy (d. 1948 )
- June 19 - Heinrich Joseph Dominicus Denzinger , German theologian (d. 1883 )
- June 21 - Lluís Companys I Jover , President of Catalonia (d. 1940 )
- June 24 - Victor Franz Hess , Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964 )
- June 28 - Pierre Laval , Prime Minister Of France (d. 1945 )
July-December
- July 3 - Franz Kafka , Austrian writer (d. 1924 )
- July 4 - Rube Goldberg , American cartoonist (d. 1970 )
- July 29 - Porfirio Barba-Jacob , Colombian writer (d. 1942 )
- July 29 - Benito Mussolini , dictator of Italy (d. 1945 )
- August 19 - Elsie Ferguson , American actress (d. 1961 )
- August 23 - Jesse Pennington , English footballer (d. 1970 )
- August 23 - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV , American general (d. 1953 )
- August 30 - Theo Van Doesburg , Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. 1931 )
- September 15 - Esteban Terradas I Illa , Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. 1950 )
- October 8 - Otto Heinrich Warburg , German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970 )
- October 26 - Paul Pilgrim , American athlete (d. 1958 )
- November 4 - Nikolaos Plastiras , Greek general and politician (d. 1953 )
- November 8 - Arnold Bax , English composer (d. 1953 )
- November 11 - Ernest Ansermet , Swiss conductor (d. 1969 )
- November 18 - Carl Vinson , U.S. Congressman (d. 1981 )
- November 25 - Harvey Spencer Lewis , American Rosicrucian mystic (d. 1939 )
- November 25 - Merrill C. Meigs , American newspaper publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968 )
- December 3 - Anton Webern , Austrian composer (d. 1945 )
- December 13 - Belle Da Costa Greene , librarian, bibliographer, archivist (d. 1950 )
- December 16 ? Max Linder , French actor (d. 1925 )
- December 22 - Edgard Varèse , French composer (d. 1965 )
- December 25 - Maurice Utrillo , French artist and illustrator (d. 1955 )
Unknown date
Deaths
- January 10 - Samuel Mudd , American doctor to John Wilkes Booth (b. 1833 )
- January 23 - Gustave Doré , French artist (b. 1832 )
- January 24 - Friedrich Von Flotow , German composer (b. 1812 )
- February 13 - Richard Wagner , German composer (b. 1813 )
- February 17 - Napoleon Coste , French guitarist and composer (b. 1806 )
- February 17 - Vasudeo Balwant Phadke , India n revolutionary (b. 1845 )
- March 14 - Karl Marx , German philosopher (b. 1818 )
- April 30 - Edouard Manet , French painter (b. 1832 )
- May 24 - Abdel Kadir , Algerian leader (b. 1808 )
- May 26 - Edward Sabine , Irish astronomer (b. 1788 )
- July 22 - Edward Ord , U.S. Army officer (b. 1818 )
- September 3 - Ivan Turgenev , Russian writer (b. 1818 )
- October 30 - Robert Volkmann , German composer (b. 1815 )
- December 13 - Victor De Laprade , French poet and critic (b. 1812 )
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