1861

Events

January

January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City

January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV Of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I

votes not to secede from the United States

January 9 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the American Civil War .

secedes from the United States

secedes from the United States

joins the Confederacy

resigns from the United States Senate

secedes from the Union.

January 29 - Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. State .

February

secedes from the United States .

the Confederate States Of America is formed by delegates from six break-away United States .

are formed.

is elected the Provisional President of the Confederate States Of America by the Confederate convention at Montgomery, Alabama .

February 11 - American Civil War: US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing non-interference with slavery in any state.

February 13 - End of the Siege Of Gaeta , last stronghold of the Neapolitan King Francis II , by Piedmontese forces. Francis goes into exile.

Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional president of the Confederate States Of America .

February 19 - Serf dom is Abolished in Russia .

February 23 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, DC after an Assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland .

February 27 - A crowd in Warsaw protesting Russia n rule over Poland is fired upon by Russian troops killing five protesters.

February 28 - Colorado is organized as a United States Territory .

March-April

March 2 - Nevada is organized as a United States Territory .

March 3 - Formal Emancipation Of The Serfs in Imperial Russia .

March 4 - End of term for President Of The United States James Buchanan . He is succeeded by Abraham Lincoln .

March 4 - " is adopted as the Flag Of The United Confederate States Of America .

March 10 - El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Segou , destroying the Bambara Empire of Mali .

of the Confederate States Of America is adopted.

March 17 - Proclamation of the kingdom of Italy with Victor Emanuel II as its king.

March 19 - First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand .

March 20 - An earthquake completely destroys Mendoza , a city on western Argentina .

March 20 - Surrender of Civitella Del Tronto . End of the Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies .

March 30 - Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of Thallium (see Discovery Of The Chemical Elements ).

April 12 - American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter , South Carolina .

Abraham Lincoln suspends the Writ Of Habeas Corpus in the United States .

April 27 - secedes from Virginia .

May-June

secedes from the Union .

secedes from the Union .

is named the capital of the Confederate States Of America .

issues a "proclamation of Neutrality " which recognizes the Breakaway States as having belligerent rights.

May 13 - Comet C/1861 J1 (the "Great Comet of 1861") discovered in Australia .

May 14 - The Canellas meteorite, an 859 Gram chondrite type Meteorite struck earth near Barcelona, Spain .

proclaims its Neutrality which will last until September 3 when Confederate forces enter the state. North Carolina secedes from the United States

secedes from the Union .

June 9 - Lebanon separated from Syria n administration and reunited under Ottoman governor with the approval of European powers

June 15 - Benito Juárez formally elected president of Mexico ; he temporarily stops the payments of Foreign Debt

June 25 - Abd-ul-Mejid , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ( 1839 -1861) dies and is succeeded by Abd-ul-Aziz (1861- 1876 ).

July-August

July 1 - First issue of Vatican 's newspaper L'Osservatore Romano was published.

July 2 - Ioan Kasatkin lands on Hakodate and introduces the Eastern Orthodox church into Japan .

- At Manassas Junction, Virginia , the first major battle of the war begins ( Confederate victory).

is passed by the U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end Slavery .

assumes command of the Army Of The Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle Of Bull Run .

issues the first Income Tax as part of the Revenue Act Of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872 ).

August 5 - US Army abolishes Flogging

August 27 - Last Execution in Britain for Attempted Murder - Martin Doyle in Chester

September-October

General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky , prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.

General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky , which gives the Union control the mouth of the Tennessee River .

October 9 - the Battle Of Santa Rosa Island

- Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln , is killed in the fighting.

October 24 - The ''HMS Warrior'' , the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship was completed and commissioned.

General Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the United States Army .

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1861