Events
: The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican–American War and ceding all the Republic Of Texas 's territorial claims to the United States for $15m.]]
: Karl Marx publishes '' The Communist Manifesto ''.]]
: Wisconsin admitted as the 30th U.S. State .]]
: Matale Rebellion begins in Sri Lanka .]]
: The Swiss Confederation reconstitutes itself as a Federal Republic .]]
sees Whig Zachary Taylor of Louisiana defeat Democrat Lewis Cass of Michigan .]]
- The Revolutions Of 1848 , a series of widespread but mostly failed struggles for more Liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary.
- January 3 - Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first President of the independent African Republic Of Liberia .
- January 12 - The Palermo Rising in Sicily rises against the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- finds Gold at Sutter's Mill , in Coloma , near Sacramento
- January 24 - The Storming of the Venezuelan National Congress takes place.
- ).
- is signed, ending the war.
- emigrants seeking fortune in California 's gold country arrive in San Francisco .
- February 19 - First rescue party reaches the Donner Party , a convoy of settlers almost buried under snow near what is now the Donner Lake . They have eaten everything, including their own dead
- February 21 - Karl Marx publishes '' The Communist Manifesto ''.
- February 22 - In Paris , revolt erupts against the king Louis Philippe . Two days later he abdicates, leading to the Second Republic .
- March 4 - Carlo Alberto Di Savoia signs the '' Statuto Albertino '' that will represent the first constitution of the '' Regno D'Italia ''
- March 7 - The Great Mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii .
- March 10 - The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate , ending the Mexican–American War .
- March 15 - Revolution breaks out in Pest, Hungary . The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.
- March 18 - 19 , '' Marsoroligheterna '', in Stockholm , Sweden. Demonstrations outside the Royal Castle, where Revolutionaries demands reforms, among them that Sweden becomes a Republic . The Swedish king, Oscar I gives the guards order to shoot at the demonstartors.
- March 20 - King Ludwig I Of Bavaria abdicates
- March 23 - Province of Otago in New Zealand is founded.
- March 29 - An upstream Ice jam stops almost all water flow over Niagara Falls for 30 hours
- April 10 Chartist 'Monster Rally' held in Kennington Park London, headed by Feargus O'Connor . A petition demanding the franchise is presented to parliament.
- April 10 - Bridge collapses in Yarmouth , England , leaving 250 dead
- May 15 - Radicals invade the France Chamber of deputies
- - Mexico ratifies the treaty thus ending the war and ceding Texas , California and most of Arizona and New Mexico to the United States for $15 million.
- May 29 - Wisconsin is admitted as the 30th U.S. State .
- - The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the " Bloomers " are introduced at the Feminist convention.
- July 26 - Matale Rebellion against British Rule in Sri Lanka
- - In Tipperary , an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put-down by a government Police force.
- August 17 - Yucatán officially united with Mexico
- '' breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States , that there is a Gold Rush in California (although the rush started in January)
- August 28 - Mathieu Luis , first black member joins the French parliament as a representative of Guadaloupe
- September 12 - One of the few successes of the Revolutions Of 1848 , the Swiss Federal Constitution , patterned on the US Constitution , enters into force, creating a Federal Republic and one of the first modern Democratic states in Europe .
- November 1 - In Boston, Massachusetts , the first Medical School for women, The Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with Boston University School Of Medicine ), opens.
- November 3 - Greatly revised Dutch Constitution proclaimed
- Zachary Taylor of Louisiana defeats Democrat Lewis Cass of Michigan in the first US presidential election held in every state on the same day.
- December 2 - Ferdinand I , Emperor of Austria , abdicates in favor of his nephew, Franz Josef I .
- December 10 - Prince Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte elected first president of the French Second Republic .
- December 20 - President Bonaparte takes his Oath of Office in front of the French National Assembly .
- December 26 - Phi Delta Theta Fraternity founded
- Cholera Epidemic in New York kills 5000
- Associated Press founded in New York
- Queen's College for women founded in London
- Boston Public Library is founded by an act of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts
- Shaker song '' Simple Gifts '' is written by Joseph Brackett in Alfred, Maine
- First railway in Spain is opened, with line Barcelona to Mataró (circa 40 Km ).
- Illinois And Michigan Canal is completed.
- Independent Republic of Yucatán joins Mexico in exchange for Mexican help in suppressing revolt by the indigenous Maya population.
- Serfdom is abolished in Austro-Hungarian Empire .
- John Bird Sumner becomes Archbishop Of Canterbury .
- British, Dutch, and German governments lay claim to New Guinea .
- Admiral Nevelskoi explores Strait Of Tartary .
- Dunedin, New Zealand is founded by Scots settlers.
- University Of Ottawa is founded.
- University Of Mississippi is founded.
- University Of Wisconsin-Madison is founded.
- Geneva College in Pennsylvania is founded.
- Holmes County, Florida is created.
- Elizabeth Gaskell publishes ''Mary Barton'' anonymously.
- Henrik Ibsen publishes first play ''Catilina''.
- Ivar Aasen publishes Grammar Of The Norwegian Dialects .
- Robert Schumann composes Opera ''Genoveva''.
- Richard Wagner begins writing Libretto that will become '' Der Ring Des Nibelungen '' (''The Ring of the Nibelung'').
- Rhodes College is founded.
Ongoing events
Births
- January 6 - Hristo Botev , Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1876 )
- January 19 - John F. Stairs , Canadian businessman and statesman (d. 1904 )
- January 21 - Henri Duparc , French composer (d. 1933 )
- January 27 - Togo Heihachiro , Japanese admiral (d. 1934 )
- February 5 - Joris-Karl Huysmans , French author (d. 1907 )
- February 5 - Belle Starr , American outlaw (d. 1889 )
- February 8 - Joel Chandler Harris , American journalist and author (d. 1908 )
- February 14 - Benjamin Baillaud , French astronomer (d. 1934 )
- February 16 - Octave Mirbeau , French art critic and novelist (d. 1917 )
- February 18 - Louis Comfort Tiffany , American glass artist (d. 1933 )
- February 24 - Grant Allen , Canadian author (d. 1899 )
- February 24 - Andrew Inglis Clark , Tasmanian politician (d. 1907 )
- February 27 - Hubert Parry , English composer (d. 1918 )
- March 19 - Wyatt Earp , American lawman and gunfighter (d. 1929 )
- March 31 - Viscount William Astor , British financier and statesman (d. 1919 )
- April 7 - Randall Thomas Davidson , Archbishop Of Canterbury (d. 1930 )
- April 10 - Hubertine Auclert , French feminist (d. 1914 )
- May 23 - Otto Lilienthal , German engineer (d. 1896 )
- June 7 - Paul Gauguin , French artist (d. 1903 )
- July 6 - Gabor Baross , Hungarian statesman (d. 1892 )
- July 9 - Robert I, Duke Of Parma , last ruling Duke of Parma (d. 1907 )
- July 15 - Vilfredo Pareto , Italian economist (d. 1923 )
- July 22 - Winfield Scott Stratton , American miner (d. 1902 )
- July 25 - George Robert Aberigh-Mackay , Anglo-Indian writer (d. 1881 )
- July 25 - Arthur James Balfour , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (d. 1930 )
- November 13 - Albert I, Prince Of Monaco (d. 1922 )
Deaths
- January 19 - Isaac D'Israeli , English author (b. 1766 )
- January 20 - Christian VIII , King of Denmark (b. 1786 )
- February 15 - Hermann Von Boyen , Prussian field marshal (b. 1771 )
- February 23 - John Quincy Adams , 6th President Of The United States (b. 1767 )
- March 29 - John Jacob Astor , American businessman (b. 1763 )
- April 8 - Gaetano Donizetti , Italian composer (b. 1797 )
- May 25 - Annette Von Droste-Hülshoff , German writer (b. 1797 )
- June 27 - Denis Auguste Affre , Archbishop of Paris (b. 1793 )
- July 4 - François-René De Chateaubriand , French writer and diplomat (b. 1768 )
- August 7 - Jöns Jakob Berzelius , Swedish chemist (b. 1779 )
- August 12 - George Stephenson , English locomotive pioneer (b. 1781 )
- November 9 - Robert Blum , German politician (b. 1810 )
- November 23 - Sir John Barrow , English statesman (b. 1764 )
- November 24 - Lord Melbourne , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (b. 1779 )
- December 19 - Emily Brontë , English author (b. 1818 )
- Edward Baines , British newspaperman and politician (b. 1774 )
- Kyokutei Bakin , Japanese author (b. 1767 )
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