|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | Years:
1553 1554 1555 - 1556 - 1557 1558 1559
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| align="center" colspan=2 | 1530s 1540s - 1550s ''' - 1560s 1570s 1580s
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| align="center" | - 16th Century ''' - 17th Century
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Events
- January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V . His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain , while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor
- January 23 - The Shaanxi Earthquake , the deadliest Earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China . 830,000 people may have been killed.
- February - Truce Of Vaucelles - Temporary end to the fighting between France and Spain.
- February 14 - Thomas Cranmer is declared a Heretic
- March 9 - Scottish nobles kill David Rizzio , the secretary to Mary I Of Scotland in the queen's presence
- March 21 - In Oxford , Archbishop Of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake for treason.
- November - Collapse of the Truce of Vaucelles. War resumes between Henry II Of France and Philip II Of Spain
- November 5 - Second Battle Of Panipat - Fifty miles north of Delhi , a Mogul Army defeats Hindu forces of General Hemu to ensure Akbar the throne of India .
- Lorenzo Priuli becomes Doge Of Venice
- Bloody Mary establishes the Fort Of Maryborough , in what is now Portlaoise , County Laois , Ireland
- The kings of Spain take control of the Flanders region, including what is now the French Département of Nord
- The false Martin Guerre appears in the French village of Artigat.
- King John III Of Sweden becomes ruler of Finland as Hertig Johan.
- Jellaladin Mahommed Akbar ascends to the throne of the Mughal Empire ; he rules until his death in 1605
- Welser banking families of Augsburg lose colonial control of Venezuela
- Ivan The Terrible conquers Astrakhan , opening the Volga River to Russian traffic and trade
Births
- January 8 - Uesugi Kagekatsu , Japanese samurai and warlord (died 1623 )
- February 21 - Sethus Calvisius , German calendar reformer (d. 1615 )
- March 7 - Guillaume Du Vair , French statesman and philosopher (died 1621 )
- June 6 - Edward La Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche , English politician and diplomat (died 1625 )
- November 15 - Jacques-Davy Duperron , French cardinal (died 1618 )
- Henry Briggs , English mathematician (died 1630 )
- Margaret Clitherow , English Catholic martyr (died 1586 )
- Shibata Katsutoyo , Japanese military commander (died 1583 )
- Nakagawa Kiyohide , Japanese military commander (died 1583 )
- Ahmad Baba Al Massufi , Sudanese writer and political leader
- James Melville , Scottish divine and reformer (died 1614 )
''See also ''
Deaths
- March 21 - Thomas Cranmer , Archbishop Of Canterbury (burned at the stake) (born 1489 )
- April 18 - Luigi Alamanni , Italian poet and statesman (b. 1495 )
- June 10 - Martin Agricola , German composer (born 1486 )
- July 31 - Ignatius Of Loyola , Spanish founder of the Jesuit order
- November 14 - Giovanni Della Casa , Italian poet (born 1503 )
- December 23 - Nicholas Udall , English dramatist (born 1504 )
- Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl Of Angus (born 1490 )
- Pietro Aretino , Italian author (born 1492 )
- John Bell , Bishop of Worcester
- Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl Of Bothwell , Scottish traitor (born 1512 )
- Girolamo Da Carpi , Italian painter (born 1501 )
- Jacob Clemens Non Papa , Flemish composer (born 1510 )
- Saito Dosan , Japanese warlord (born 1494 )
- Fuzuli , Turkish poet (born 1494 )
- Lorenzo Lotto , Italian painter (born 1480 )
- Brian mac Cathaoir O Conchobhair Failghe, last of the Kings Of Ui Failghe
''See also .''
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