cpa=11 |
cpb=th century |
c=12th century |
cn1= 13th Century |
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As a means of recording the passage of Time , the 12th century was that Century which lasted from 1101 to 1200 . In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages .
See also: Renaissance Of The 12th Century
Events
- 1102 , King Coloman unites Hungary and Croatia under the Hungarian Crown
- c. 1119 , Foundation of the Knights Templar
- 1127 , The Song Dynasty loses power over Northern China .
- 1128 , Portugal gains independence from the kingdom of León (recognised by León in 1143 ).
- 1136 , Suger begins rebuilding Abbey Church At St Denis north of Paris , which is regarded as the first major Gothic building.
- 1145 – 1148 , The Second Crusade is launched in response to the fall of the County Of Edessa .
- 1169 , start of the conquest of Ireland. Richard FitzGilbert De Clare ('Strongbow') makes an alliance with the exiled Irish chief, Dermot MacMurrough , to help him recover his kingdom of Leinster .
- 1170 , Thomas Becket is murdered.
- 1185 , Founding of the cathedral school (Katedralskolan) in Lund , Sweden . The school is the oldest in northern Europe, and one of the oldest in Europe as a whole.
- 1189 – 1192 , The Third Crusade was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin .
- 1193 , Nalanda , the great India n Buddhist educational centre, is destroyed.
- c. 1200 , The Toltec Empire collapses.
- Renaissance Of The 12th Century in Europe.
- The Kamakura Shogunate deprives the Emperor Of Japan of political power.
- Gothic Architecture begins in France
- Conflict between the Khmer Empire and Champa . Angkor Wat is built under the Hindu king Suryavarman II . At the end of the century the Buddhist Jayavarman VII becomes ruler.
- Pope Adrian IV grants overlordship of Ireland to Henry II Of England .
- The medieval Serbia n state formed by Stefan Nemanja and continued by the Nemanjić dynasty.
- Pierre Abelard teaches.
Significant people
- Genghis Khan , '' Great Khan '' of the Mongol Empire .
- Bhaskara , towering figure in several disparate fields of mathematics
- Pierre Abélard , one of the first Scholastic philosophers; author of "Historia calamitatum mearum", a description of his love affair with Héloïse .
- Bernard Of Clairvaux , French abbot influential in church politics.
- Manuel I Comnenus , Byzantine Emperor who allied with the Crusaders.
- Saladin , ruler of Egypt and Syria who resisted the Crusaders.
- Hugh Of St. Victor , French scholar.
- Philip II , French king.
- Friedrich Barbarossa , Holy Roman Emperor
- Richard I Of England
- Richard Of St. Victor , theologian.
- Alfonso I Henriques, first King of Portugal.
- Maimonides , leading Jewish philosopher.
- Thomas Becket , archbishop of Canterbury.
- Minamoto No Yoritomo , first Shogun of Japan.
- Omar Khayyám , Persia n poet and astronomer
- Eleanor Of Aquitaine , queen consort of France and later the Kingdom Of England .
- Hildegard Of Bingen , first Western musical composer known by name.
- Suryavarman II Khmer king
- Jayavarman VII Khmer king
Inventions, discoveries and introductions
Decades and years
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