Virus Classification

Viruses can be classified in several ways, such as by their geometry, by whether they have envelopes, by the identity of the host organism they can infect, by mode of transmission, or by the type of disease they cause. The most pragmatic classification is probably by the type of Nucleic Acid the virus contains and its mode of expression. This classification scheme was originally proposed by David Baltimore , who was one of the recipients of the 1975 Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine . It should be noted that none of these classifications are expected to be Phylogenetic , as viruses may not share a common origin.

OVERVIEW

The various forms of viruses arise because one of the two strands of in cells, or the genes are stored in the opposite, 3'→5' direction (negative or - polarity).

The Taxonomy of viruses is similar to that of cellular organisms:

: Order (''-virales'')
:: Family (''-viridae'')
:::Subfamily (''-virinae'')
:::: Genus (''-virus'')
::::: Species

However, the ''Code'' of nomenclature regulated by the International Committee On Taxonomy Of Viruses (ICTV) differs from other taxonomic codes' on several points. A minor point is that names of orders and families are italicized, as in the '' ICBN ''. Most notably, species names generally take the form of '' {Link without Title} Virus''. The recognition of orders is very recent and has been deliberately slow; to date, only three have been named, and most families remain unplaced. Approximately 80 families and 4000 species of virus are known.

CLASSIFICATION BY GENOME TYPE

DNA Virus es

Group I - DsDNA Virus es (double stranded DNA)

Order '' Caudovirales '' (tailed Bacteriophage s).

---Family '' Myoviridae '' - e.g. '' Enterobacteria Phage T4 ''

---Family '' Podoviridae ''

---Family '' Siphoviridae '' - e.g. '' Enterobacteria Phage λ ''

Unassigned

---Family '' Ascoviridae ''

---Family '' Adenoviridae ''

---Family '' Asfiviridae ''

---Family '' Baculoviridae ''

---Family '' Corticoviridae ''

---Family '' Fuselloviridae ''

---Family '' Guttaviridae ''

---Family '' Herpesviridae '' - e.g. Human herpesviruses

---Family '' Iridoviridae '' - e.g. '' African Swine Fever Virus ''

---Family '' Lipothrixviridae ''

---Family '' Nimaviridae ''

---Family '' Papillomaviridae ''

---Family '' Phycodnaviridae ''

---Family '' Plasmaviridae ''

---Family '' Polyomaviridae '' - e.g. '' Simian Virus 40 ''

---Family '' Poxviridae '' - e.g. '' Cowpox virus'', ''Variola virus'' ( Smallpox )

---Family '' Rudiviridae ''

---Family '' Tectiviridae ''

---Unassigned genera

-- ''''

Group II - SsDNA Virus es (single stranded DNA)

Unassigned Bacteriophage s

---Family '' Inoviridae ''

---Family '' Microviridae ''

Unassigned Virus es

---Family '' Geminiviridae ''

---Family '' Circoviridae ''

---Family '' Nanoviridae ''

---Family '' Parvoviridae '' - e.g. '' Parvovirus B19 '' (most depend on coinfection with Adenovirus es for growth)

---Unassigned genera

-- ''''

RNA Virus es

Group III - DsRNA Virus es (double stranded RNA)

Family '' Birnaviridae ''

Family '' Chrysoviridae ''

Family '' Cystoviridae ''

Family '' Hypoviridae ''

Family '' Partitiviridae ''

Family '' Reoviridae '' - e.g '' Rotavirus ''

Family '' Totiviridae ''

Unassigned genera

--- ''''

Group IV - (+)ssRNA Viruses (positive single stranded RNA or mRNA like)

Order '' Nidovirales '' ("Nested" Viruses)

---Family '' Arteriviridae ''

---Family '' Coronaviridae '' - e.g. '' Coronavirus '', '' SARS ''

---Family '' Roniviridae ''

Unassigned

---Family '' Astroviridae ''

---Family '' Barnaviridae ''

---Family '' Bromoviridae ''

---Family '' Caliciviridae '' - e.g. '' Norwalk Virus ''

---Family '' Closteroviridae ''

---Family '' Comoviridae ''

---Family '' Dicistroviridae ''

---Family '' Flaviviridae '' - e.g. '' Yellow Fever virus'', '' West Nile virus'', '' Hepatitis C virus''

---Family '' Flexiviridae ''

---Family '' Hepeviridae '' - e.g. '' Hepatitis E virus''

---Family '' Leviviridae ''

---Family '' Luteoviridae ''

---Family '' Marnaviridae ''

---Family '' Narnaviridae '' - naked RNA viruses

---Family '' Nodaviridae ''

---Family '' Picornaviridae '' - e.g. '' Poliovirus '', '' Rhinovirus '', '' Hepatitis A virus''

---Family '' Potyviridae ''

---Family '' Sequiviridae ''

---Family '' Tetraviridae ''

---Family '' Togaviridae '' - e.g. '' Rubella virus''

---Family '' Tombusviridae ''

---Family '' Tymoviridae ''

---Unassigned genera

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--Genus '' Sadwavirus ''; type species; '' Satsuma Dwarf Virus ''

--Genus ''''

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Group V - (-)ssRNA Viruses (negative single-stranded RNA)

Order '' Mononegavirales '' (non-segmented negative stranded viruses)

---Family '' Bornaviridae '' - '' Borna Disease Virus ''

---Family '' Filoviridae '' - Ebola viruses, '' Marburg Virus ''

---Family '' Paramyxoviridae '' - e.g. '' Measles virus'', '' Mumps Virus ''

---Family '' Rhabdoviridae '' - e.g. '' Rabies virus''

Segmented negative stranded viruses

---Family '' Arenaviridae ''

---Family '' Bunyaviridae '' - e.g. '' Hantavirus ''

---Family '' Orthomyxoviridae '' - Influenza viruses

---Unassigned genera:

--Genus ''''

--Genus ''''

--Genus ''''

--Genus ''''

DNA and RNA Reverse Transcribing viruses

Group VI - SsRNA-RT Virus es (single stranded RNA)

Family '' Metaviridae ''

Family '' Pseudoviridae ''

Family '' Retroviridae '' - Retroviruses, e.g. '' HIV 1 ''

Group VII - DsDNA-RT Virus es (double stranded DNA)

Family '' Hepadnaviridae '' - e.g. '' Hepatitis B virus''

Family '' Caulimoviridae '' - e.g. '' Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ''

SUBVIRAL AGENTS

The following agents are smaller than viruses but have some of their properties.

Viroids

Family '' Pospiviroidae ''

---Genus ''''

---Genus ''''

---Genus ''''

---Genus ''''

---Genus ''''

Family '' Avsunviroidae ''

---Genus ''''

---Genus ''''

Satellite s

Satellite Virus es

---Single-stranded RNA satellite viruses

--Subgroup 1: '' Chronic Bee-paralysis Satellite Virus ''

--Subgroup 2: '' Tobacco Necrosis Satellite Virus ''

Satellite Nucleic Acid s

---Single-stranded satellite DNAs

---Double-stranded satellite RNAs

---Single-stranded satellite RNAs

--Subgroup 1: Large satellite RNAs

--Subgroup 2: Small linear satellite RNAs

--Subgroup 3: Circular satellite RNAs

Prion s

Fungal prions

Mammalian prions

	CATEGORIES ABOUT VIRUS CLASSIFICATION

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Information About

Virus Classification