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Virginia Gold Mining





HISTORY OF VIRGINIA GOLD MINING


The earliest recording gold mining activity in Virginia began about 1804 as Placer Mining , followed quickly by Lode mining. Mining continued unabated until the onset of the California Gold Rush , at which point most serious speculators moved west. Production continued at a low level until the Civil War , when it virtually ground to a halt.

Near the end of the war, Union troops began a systematic campaign to destroy the economic base of the South. Many gold mines were subsequently damaged beyond repair. Most were, by this time, marginal producers, their ores of such low concentrate as to stretch the limits of the Mercury Amalgam recovery technology of the day. Many of these mines never reopened.

Other mines did, however, and gold production in Virginia continued until World War II , when, on October 8, 1942, the War Production Board issued Limitation Order L-208, which branded gold production as a non-essential and directed all but the smallest of gold mines to shut down so their labor force could be used elsewhere to support the war effort.

Economic conditions following the war were such that few miners returned to mining, so only a handful of mines reopened. For all practical purposes, commercial gold production in Virginia ceased after 1948.

At its peak, Virginia was the third largest gold producing state, and the heart of the gold production area was at the junction of Spotsylvania, Culpeper, and Orange counties near Wilderness.


MODERN ERA


Over 300 claims and mines are known to have existed in Virginia, yet very few, if any at all, are commercially active at this time. Amateur and hobby prospecting continues to this day, primarily consisting of individual or small scale placer operations. Many hobbyists simply use a gold pan or a small, gasoline powered sluice box.


MUSEUMS AND DISPLAYS ABOUT GOLD MINING


  • Lake Anna State Park contains the remnants of the Goodwin mine and some historical displays. Gold panning is permitted on the park grounds.

  • Monroe Park in Goldvein has a museum about gold mining operations in the area, with some reconstructed buildings and historical artifacts.



LIST OF GOLD MINES, CLAIMS, AND PROSPECTS


Since most commercial gold activity ceased in the late 1940's, records are scant. This list is not complete.


Mines near Columbia, along the Goochland/Fluvanna County line

  • Young American mine

  • Belzoro mine

  • Collins mine, the first gold mine in Goochland county, located on Little Byrd Creek

  • Morgan mine

  • Grannison mine

  • Bertha and Edith mine

  • Moss mine

  • Busby mine

  • Waller mine, the source of the richest ore to be taken from the Appalachian mountains

  • Fleming mine

  • Tellurium mine, where it is believed that the first Stamp Mill in the U.S. operated

  • Page mine

  • Mines near Dillwyn in Buckingham County

  • London and Virginia mine

  • Buckingham mine

  • Bondurant mine, near Andersonville

  • Burnett mine

  • Morrow mine

  • Mines in Spotsylvania County

  • Whitehall mine, the first lode mine in Virginia, located 1.5 miles northwest of Shady Grove Corner in the western portion of the county

  • Goodwin mine, near what is now Lake Anna . Recreational gold mining is allowed on or near the grounds of the former mine at Lake Anna State Park.

  • Marshall mine, on the Rapphannock River

  • (over twenty mines are known to have existing in Spotsylvania - info search underway)


Mines in Orange County

  • Orange Grove mine, located west of Germanna Hwy (SR3) on Flat Run. One of its shafts had to be plugged to complete construction of the Lake of the Woods dam.

  • Vaucluse mine, located east of Germanna Hwy (SR3) near Flat Run. It was purchased by Henry Ford so the equipment could be relocated to his museum in Dearborn. The property was resold in 1934.

  • Partridge (Woodville) mine, located just northeast of the Vaucluse mine.

  • Melville mine, located just northwest of the Vaucluse mine.

  • Mines near Goldvein in Fauquier County

  • Franklin mine, the first mine in the county, opened in 1825. It was located 2.3 miles northeast of Morrisville on a 594 acre tract of land along a dirt road off Rout 634, about 1.6 miles east of its junction with Route 806.

  • Liberty mine

  • (approximately 17 other mines are known to have existed nearby - info search underway)


Other mines, claims, and prospects

  • Hughes mine, located about two miles northeast of Fork Union Station in Fluvanna County

  • Lightfoot mine, about two miles north of Arvonia in Buckingham County

  • Greenwood mine, near Independent Hill in Prince William County

  • Crawford placer prospect, in Dale City on Neabsco Creek about 500 yards west of I-95

  • Red Bank mine, located four and one-half miles northeast of Virgilina in Halifax County



REFERENCES

  • 1

  • 2

  • War Production Board Limitation Order L—208, 7 Fed.Reg. 7992—7993

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  • 4