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The Generic Access Network (GAN), was formerly known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) until it was adopted by the 3GPP in April 2005. It describes a Telecommunication system allowing seamless Roaming and Handover between Local Area Network s and Wide Area Network s using the same dual-mode Mobile Phone .

The local network could be based on private unlicensed spectrum technologies like Bluetooth or 802.11 . The wide network is alternatively the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ) and GSM / GPRS mobile services.

It lets mobile operators deliver voice, data and IMS/SIP ( IP Multimedia Subsystem / Session Initiation Protocol ) applications to mobile phones on local networks. Its ultimate goal is the convergence of mobile, fixed and Internet telephony ( Fixed Mobile Convergence ).

On the cellular network, the mobile handset is communicating over the air with a Base Station , through a base station controller, to servers in the core network of the carrier. Under the GAN system, when the handset detects a LAN, it establishes a secure IP connexion through a gateway to a server called a GAN Controller (GANC) on the carrier's network. It translates the signals coming from the handset to make it appear to be coming from another base station. Thus, when a mobile moves from a GSM to a Wifi network, it appears to the core network as if it is simply on a different base station.

GAN was developed as UMA by the Unlicensed Mobile Access Consortium (UMAC) and is now part of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP ) specification TS 43.318.


ADVANTAGES

  • Instead of erecting expensive base stations to cover every nook and cranny of a neighbourhood, GAN allows carriers to add coverage using low cost Wi-Fi access points. When at home, subscribers will have perfect coverage. In addition, it relieves congestion on the GSM/GPRS network.


  • The presumably cheaper rates for Wi-Fi use will encourage people to buy more handsets and use them instead of land lines. It is more convenient to have a single number.


  • Customers can enjoy one bill for their internet and cell phone plans.



DISADVANTAGES

  • Because handsets must listen to two different radio technologies, they must have two radios on board. Both radios must be scanning for networks at all times, in case the user roams into an area where a Wifi network exists. Battery life is severly limited.


  • All data from the handset goes through the carrier's servers and is chargeable. Subscribers might wonder why they are being charged for data that is going over their own internet connections, when they can use other devices, such as laptops, for no extra charge.



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