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at Moscow airport.]] The Tupolev Tu-154 ( NATO Reporting Name '''Careless''') is a Russia n medium-range trijet Airliner . It remains the standard airliner for domestic routes in Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union and to a lesser extent in eastern Europe and Iran . The Tu-154 was developed to replace the jet-powered Tupolev Tu-104 , plus the Antonov An-10 and Ilyushin Il-18 turboprops. It is designed to operate from austere gravel airfields, to be able to fly at high altitudes above most Soviet Union air traffic, and for takeoff performance. The Tu-154 first flew on October 4 1968 . Regular commercial service began in February 1972. DESIGN FEATURES , at Moscow airport.]] Its construction is sturdy, with 14 big low-pressure tyres enabling it to land on snow-covered unpaved runways without sustaining serious damage. Initially it had three rear-mounted Kuznetsov NK-8-2 jet engines, arranged like the engines on the Boeing 727 , giving it a relatively good thrust-to-weight ratio. It has triple bogie main undercarriage units which retract into wing pods, and a T-tail empennage. These features make Tu-154 a reliable and economical workhorse. Close to 1000 have been built with requests even today for resumption of production. As far as safety statistics are concerned, the Tu-154 has a rather poor record, but the accidents are mostly attributed to human error than technical failures. The comparable western analogue of Tu-154 is or Airbus airliners, the cabin of the Tu-154 can seem cramped. The impression is of an oval interior, with a lower ceiling than is common on western airliners. The passenger doors are also smaller than on the Tu-154's western counterparts. Furthermore, luggage space in the overhead compartments is very limited. VARIANTS Many variants of this versatile airliner have been built. Apart from the normal differences between weights and powerplants, the Tu-154 even has a couple of completely esoterically fuelled versions! Like its western counterpart, the Boeing 727 , many of the Tu-154s in service have been Hush-kitted , and some converted to freighters. Tu-154 / Tu-154A / Tu-154B / Tu-154S The Tu-154 entered service with Aeroflot in 1972. Three variants, all powered by Kuznetsov, have been built. The initial Tu-154, the heavier '''Tu-154A''' with more powerful engines, and the '''Tu-154B''' with a further increase in maximum takeoff weight. '''Tu-154S''' is a freighter version of the Tu-154B. Tu-154B-1 This version had uprated engines, and advanced operating equipment. Tu-154B-2 This version has Western flight control and navigation systems. Tu-154S The Tu-154S is an all-cargo or freighter version. Tu-155 / Tu-156 Two prototypes based on this aircraft are the Hydrogen - or Natural Gas -powered Tu-155 and '''Tu-156'''. The Tu-155 prototype uses natural gas, or methane, fuel for its central engine, and made its maiden flight in the late 1980s. In the Tu-156 all three engines are adapted to burn either hydrogen or natural gas. Cryogenics technology is used in the development of both Tu-155 and Tu-156. Tu-154M Currently, the Tu-154M is the production standard which first flew in 1982. It uses more efficient Aviadvigatel D-30KU turbofans. It is far more economical, quiet, and reliable than previous versions. Aeroflot consistently achieves dispatch reliability above 99% with the Tu-154M, which compares favorably with current western airliners. The original designation was '''Tu-164'''. Tu-154M-LK-1 VIP transport version. Tu-154M2
SPECIFICATIONS (TU-154M)
Civil Operators (Past And Present)
Military Operators
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