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1601
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Sør-Trøndelag
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Trondheim
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Rita Ottervik ( A )
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2005
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258
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342
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322
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011
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2005
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3
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156,161
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337
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480
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86
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Neutral
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63 lat_min=23 lat_sec=30 lon_deg=10 lon_min=21 lon_sec=6
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32V utm_northing=7029953 utm_easting=0567544 geo_cat=city(154,351)
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wwwtrondheimkommuneno
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is a city and
Municipality in the
County of
Sør-Trøndelag ,
Norway . Founded in
997 , Trondheim is today a centre of education, technical and medical research, with 30,000 students, and is the country's third largest city, with 159,000 inhabitants (2006).
Trondheim is situated where the river , but mostly sheltered from the more windy conditions on the coast. The warmest temperature ever recorded is 35°C on
July 22 1901 , and the coldest is -26.1°C in February
1899 (
). The municipality's top elevation is the Storheia hill, 565 metres (≈1850 ft) above sea level.
The '', the oldest active newspaper in Norway (established
1767 ) which also owns the regional television channel TVAdressa and the radio channel RadioAdressa.
People have been living in this region of the country for thousands of years (see
Rock Carvings In Central Norway ,
Nøstvet And Lihult Cultures and
Corded Ware Culture ). In ancient times the Kings of Norway were hailed at Øretinget in Trondheim, the place for the assembly of all free men by the mouth of the river
Nidelva . Harald Fairhair (865 - 933) was hailed as the king here, as was his son, Haakon I - called 'the Good'.
Trondheim was named ''Kaupangen'' (''the market place or trading place'') by
Viking King
Olav Tryggvason in
997 A.D . Fairly soon, it came to be called ''
Nidaros ''. In the beginning it was frequently used as the seat of the King, and therefore, for a time, the
Capital of Norway (until 1217).
, is located at the seaside, close to the old Customs Building, the cruise ship facilities and the new swimming Hall. The statue is a replica, the original being located at a Seattle marina.
, Trondheim.]]
Trondheim is located at the mouth of the river
Nidelva , due to its excellent harbour and sheltered condition. The river used to be deep enough for most boats in the middle ages. An avalanche of mud and stones made it less navigable and partly ruined the harbour in the mid-17
th century.
, seen downstream from the Old Town Bridge. Some storehouses shown to the left had
Crane s, for hoisting goods from boats below.]]
The major battle of ''Kalvskinnet'' took place here in
1179 ; king
Sverre Sigurdsson and his ''Birkebeiner'' warriors were victorious against
Erling Skakke (a rival to the throne).
Trondheim was the seat of the (Catholic)
Archbishopric from 1152. Due to the introduction of Lutheran
Protestantism in
1537 , the last Archbishop, Olav Engelbrektsson, had to flee from the city.
The city has experienced several major fires. Since it was a city of log buildings, out of wood, most fires caused severe damage. Great fires ravaged the city in 1598, 1651, 1681, 1708, 1717 (two fires that year), 1742, 1788, 1841, and 1842. It must be noted that these were only the worst cases. The 1651 fire destroyed 90% of all buildings within the city limits. The fire in 1681 (the "Horneman Fire") led to an almost total reconstruction of the city, overseen by General
Johan Caspar Von Cicignon (originally from
Luxembourg ). Broad avenues like ''Munkegaten'' were made, with no regard for property rights, in order to stop the next fire. This gave the sleepy provincial town of roughly 8000 inhabitants a certain flair.
After the Peace Treaty of
Roskilde 26 February 1658 , Trondheim (together with the rest of
Trøndelag ) became Swedish territory for a brief period; the area was reconquered after 10 months; the conflict was finally settled by the Peace Treaty of
Copenhagen ,
27 May 1660 .
During World War II, Trondheim was occupied by German forces from April, 1940 (on the first day of the invasion of Norway, ''
Operation Weserübung '') until the war's end in Europe, in May, 1945.
Originally given the name ("Marketplace") by Olav Tryggvason, Trondheim was for a long time called '''Nidaros''' ("Mouth of the river Nid"), or in the
Old Norse spelling '''Niðaróss'''. In the late Middle Ages the
Name Was Changed to '''Trondheim''' (Old Norse spelling '''Þróndheimr'''). In the Dano-Norwegian period, during the years as a provincial town in the united kingdoms of
Denmark-Norway , the city name was spelled '''Trondhjem'''. The words ''heimr'', ''heim'' and ''hjem'' all means home, the word Trond is a tribal name, i.e. ''Home of the Trønders''.
Following the example set by the s, later in the same year forced the
Storting to settle for the compromise , a name that sounded slighly less Danish.
historically indicates the area around the
Trondheimsfjord . The spelling ''Trondhjem'' was officially rejected, but many still prefer the now unofficial spelling of the city name; ''Trondhjem''. Today, most inhabitants still refer to their city in their local
Dialect (Trøndersk) as "Trawn-yam", where "trawn" rhymes with "prawn".
The traditional German version of the city's name was ''Drontheim''. During the
Nazi German occupation, 1940–45, the Germans made it into a major base for submarines (
DORA 1 ) and also contemplated a scheme to build a new city of 250,000 inhabitants, ''Neu-Drontheim'', centered 15 km (10 mi) southeast of Trondheim, near the wetlands of Øysand in the outskirts of
Melhus municipality. The new city — northern capital of a germanized
Scandinavia — was meant to be the future German main naval base of the North Atlantic region, and would be the largest of all German naval bases. For those with a particular interest in the history of the Second World War, a short trip towards Øysand by car will allow a glimpse of the only remains of this grand plan, in the form of a few rusty steel sticks in the sea just by the main road.
On January 1st, 2005, the city was reorganized from 5 boroughs into 4, with each of these having separate social services offices. Population statistics are as of January 1st, 2005.
Until 2005, these were the boroughs (after the municipality mergers in the 60s):
- Midtbyen
- Øya-Singsaker
- Rosenborg-Møllenberg
- Lademoen
- Lade
- Strindheim
- Charlottenlund-Jakobsli
- Ranheim
- Berg-Tyholt
- Åsvang-Stokkan
- Jonsvatnet
and Nidelva. July 2004]]
- Nardo
- Nidarvoll-Leira
- Risvollan-Othilienborg
- Bratsberg
- Ila-Trolla
- Sverresborg
- Byåsen
- Hallset
- Flatåsen-Saupstad
- Heimdal
- Sjetne-Okstad
- Tiller/Tillerbyen
- Heimdal
- Byneset-Leinstrand
from the cathedral tower.
Munkholmen prison island is seen in the background.]]
Two of Norway's greatest tourist attractions are the
Nidaros Cathedral and
Archbishop's Palace . They are located side by side, in the middle of historic Trondheim. The large gothic cathedral, built from
1070 on, was Northern Europe's most important Christian
Pilgrimage site during the middle ages, with pilgrimage routes from
Oslo in southern Norway, and from the
Jämtland and
Värmland regions of neighbouring
Sweden .
During the middle ages, and again after independence was restored in
1814 , the Nidaros Cathedral has been the
Coronation church of Norwegian kings.
King Haakon VII was the last monarch to be crowned in
1906 . Starting with
King Olav V in 1957, coronation was replaced by
Anointing . In 1991, the present
King Harald V and
Queen Sonja were anointed in the cathedral. On
May 24 ,
2002 , their daughter
Princess Märtha Louise married writer
Ari Behn in the same cathedral.
- Kristiansten Fortress , built 1681 – 84 ; repelled invading Swedes in 1718
- Munkholmen ; a vacational island with a history as a prison, a fort, and a monastery
- Norwegian University Of Science And Technology (NTNU) main building, at Gløshaugen hill
- Stiftsgården , the royal residence in Trondheim
- Sverresborg , King Sverre 's medieval castle (now an open-air museum)
- Tyholttårnet TV/radio tower, with a revolving restaurant (1 rev./hr)
- Studentersamfundet I Trondhjem , the Student Union House
- Statue Of Olav Tryggvason , in the city's central plaza, mounted on top of an obelisk. This is also a sun clock, but the use of summer time in Norway has made it one hour wrong all through the summer. Olav Trygvasson founded Trondheim 1000 years ago.
- Trondhjems Kunstmuseum – Museum of Arts
- Sverresborg Trøndelag Folkemuseum – Museum of Cultural History
- Telemuseet – Norwegian Telecom Museum in Trondheim
- Trondhjems Sjøfartsmuseum – The Trondheim Maritime Museum
- Vitenskapsmuseet – Museum of Natural History and Archaeology
- Vitensenteret – Trondheim´s Science Centre
- Rustkammeret – The Armoury; adjacent to the Archbishops's Palace
- Ringve Museum – Ringve National Museum (Museum of music and musical instruments), and Ringve botanical garden
- Norsk Rettsmuseum – The national museum of justice, Norway (includes a section about the german occupation 1940-45)
- Sporveismuseet – Trondheim Railway Museum
- Nordenfjeldske Kunstindustrimuseum – National Museum of Decorative Arts
- Det jødiske museum – The Jewish Museum (including a holocaust section); co-located with the city's synagogue
campuses.]]
There are 11 high schools.
Trondheim Katedralskole ("Trondheim Cathedral School") was founded in
1152 and is the oldest
Gymnasium -level school of Norway, while
Brundalen VGS ("Brundalen secondary") is the largest in Sør-Trøndelag with its 1100 students and 275 employees.
Although the official population count, as of
2004 , is slightly above 150,000, the large number of resident college and university students, roughly 30,000, makes the actual population close to 180,000 (in Norway, students are typically registered in their home towns/municipalities, and not in their place of study). Trondheim is home to the
Norwegian University Of Science And Technology (''Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, NTNU'') with it's 20,000 students, as well as
Sør-Trøndelag University College (''Høgskolen i Sør-Trøndelag, HiST'') with 6,000 registered students.
The Air Force Academy of the
Royal Norwegian Air Force is located at Kuhaugen in Trondheim.
Trondheim is a centre for maritime, technical and medical technology research.
at port in Trondheim.
Munkholmen and the
Stern part of
Hurtigruten to the right. The body of water closest is
Nidelva . June 20 2004.]]
One of the largest airports of the country is
Trondheim Airport, Værnes ; situated in
Stjørdal . The
Highway E6 , passing through Trondheim, is Norway’s most important route to the continent.
Major railway connections are the northbound
Nordlandsbanen (to
Mo I Rana 1942,
Fauske 1958,
Bodø 1962), the eastbound
Meråkerbanen (opened 1882) to
Sweden via Storlien, and two southbound connections to Oslo,
Rørosbanen (opened 1877) and
Dovrebanen (opened 1921). The Coastal Express ships (
Hurtigruten ; covering the
Bergen –
Kirkenes stretch of the coast) are calling at Trondheim, as does many
Cruise Ship s during the summer season. Since 1994 there is also a fast commuter boat service to
Kristiansund , the nearest coastal city to the south.
Trondheim also boasts the northern-most district, and up to Lian, in the large recreation area
Bymarka . Trondheim also boasts the world's only bicycle lift,
''Trampe'' . The
bus network is also well developed.
Trondheim has a broad music scene, and is known for its strong communities committed to
Rock ,
Jazz and
Classical Music , the two latter spearheaded by the
Music Conservatory (now part of NTNU) and the municipal music school (Trondheim Kommunale Musikk- og Kulturskole), with the
Trondheim Symphonic Orchestra and the Trondheim Soloists being the most well known arenas. Classical artists hailing from Trondheim include Arve Tellefsen, Elise Båtnes and Marianne Thorsen.
Rock artists/bands hailing from Trondheim include
DumDum Boys Motorpsycho , Johndoe, Desperado,
RIFU , and the recently dissolved
Gåte .
Georg Kajanus, creator of the bands Eclection, Sailor and Data, was born in Trondheim. Sailor had considerable success across Europe and Australia in the Seventies with such hits as 'Girls, Girls, Girls' and 'A Glass Of Champagne'.
The city is said to have one of the better
Punk Rock and alternative scenes in Norway. There's also a
band named after the city itself, who hail from Scotland.
Trondheim is the home town of
Football team
Rosenborg Ballklub (colloquially known as ''RBK''), a successful team nationally as well as internationally, playing in the
UEFA Champions League for the 11th time in
2006 . The team's name, and initially most of its players, came from an east-end borough.
The city is also known for its active winter sports scene, with
Cross-country Skiing tracks in
Bymarka and a
Ski Jumping arena in
Granåsen , as well as nearby
Alpine Skiing facilities at
Vassfjellet . The city hosted the 1997
Nordic Skiing World Championships , held
World Cup Ski Sprint races in the city centre in February 2004, and hosted the 2006 National
Biathlon Championships.
Trekking and cross-country skiing are popular among Norwegians. In Trondheim, people often go to the hills surrounding the city -
Bymarka in the west and
Estenstadmarka in the east - to engage in these activities. Many kilometers of prepared skiing tracks are available during the winter, as are a few establishments serving food and beverages in the middle of the forested skiing areas
{Link without Title} .
Ladestien provides idyllic surroundings for walks along the fjord.
There is also an 18 hole Golf course bordering Bymarka, with a nice view of the city and the fjord.
Sister cities (
Twin Cities ) of Trondheim are:
- Darmstadt , Germany
- Dunfermline , Scotland
- Graz , Austria
- Kopavógur , Iceland
- Norrköping , Sweden
- Odense , Denmark
- Petah Tikva , Israel
- Ramallah , Palestinian Territories
- Split , Croatia
- Tampere/Tammerfors , Finland
- Tiraspol , ]]Moldova]]
- Vallejo, California , USA
- Keren , Eritrea (twinned with the Trondheim borough of Heimdal )
Although Trondheim is one of Norway's larger cities, wild animals can still be seen.
Otter s thrives in Nidelva, and at bright summer nights you might meet a
Badger or a
Fox looking for something to eat.
Moose and
Deer are common in the hills surrounding the city, and might wander into the city, especially in May when the bewildered one year old is chased away by the mother, or in late winter when food grows scarce in the snowcovered higher regions.
