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'' of Aydın during a '' Aydın is a city in western Turkey and the seat of the Turkish Province of the same name ( Aydın Province . The population of the city is 143,267 according to the 2000 census. In ancient and Byzantine Empires as Tralles or '''Tralleis''', and for a time as '''Caesarea''' also '''Kaisareia'''. EARLY HISTORY Strabo describes Tralles as being founded by Argives and Trallians , a Thracian tribe. With the rest of Lydia , the city fell to the Persian Empire . After its success against Athens in the Peloponnesian War , Sparta unsuccessfully sought to take the city from the Persians. In 334 BC , Tralles surrendered to Alexander The Great without resistance and therefore was not sacked. Antigonus held the city from 313 to 301 BC . The Seleucid s held the city down to 190 BC when it fell to Pergamon . From 133 to 129 BC , the city supported Aristonicus , a pretender to the Pergamene throne, against the Romans. After the Romans defeated him, they revoked the city's right to mint coins. Tralles was a Conventus for a time under the Roman Republic, but Ephesus later took that position. The city was taken by rebels during the Mithridatic War during which many Roman inhabitants were killed. Tralles suffered greatly from an Earthquake in 26 BC . Augustus provided funds for its reconstruction after which the city thanked him by renaming itself Caesarea. Strabo describes the city as a prosperous trading center in antiquity. Strabo lists famous residents of the city, including Pythodorus (native of Nysa ), and orators Damasus Scombrus and Dionysocles . Several centuries later, Anthemius Of Tralles , architect of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople , was born at Tralles. An early ), Maximus ( 451 ), Uranius ( 553 ), Myron ( 692 ), Theophylactus ( 787 ), Theophanes and Theopistus both Ninth Century , and John ( 1230 ). Tralles remains a Titular See of the Roman Catholic Church (''Tralles in Asia'' or ''Trallianus in Asia''); the seat is vacant following the death of the last Bishop in 1974 . {Link without Title} After the Battle Of Manzikert in 1071 , the Byzantine Empire was in full retreat throughout Anatolia. The Seljuk s took Tralles and it was integrated into the Sultanate Of Rüm . Manuel I Comnenus retook the city for Byzantium in the later half of the Twelfth Century . It remained Byzantine until it was finally taken by the Turks in 1282 . TURKISH HISTORY Aydın is named after Aydın Bey , the founder of the Turkish Aydın Principality in 1307 and the conqueror of the region. The Aydın Principality ruled the lands north of Menderes ( Meander ) up to and including İzmir . The principality has been taken over by the rising Ottoman Empire , for the first time shortly before the Battle Of Ankara between the Ottomans and Tamerlane in 1402 , and then definitely in 1425 , Tamerlane having given back the province to the Aydınoğlu in the interval. Aydın was the principal administrative center for the region under the Ottomans till 1850 , its Vilayet ('province' in the Ottoman administrative system) covering the areas corresponding to Turkey's current Aydın and Muğla provinces, as well as the southern portion of the İzmir Province . Inside that Vilayet, the Sandjak ('district' in the Ottoman administrative system) of Aydın more or less used to correspond to today's Aydın province. In 1850, the provincial seat has been moved to İzmir, which had started to outgrow Aydin city in size as it became a booming port of international trade, although the province's name remained as the Vilayet of Aydın till the foundation of the Republic Of Turkey . Aydin still benefits from its location at the center of the fertile Menderes valley. Important increases in the population, parallel to the traditional port of the region, İzmir, but more modest in pace, has taken place in the 19th century. At that time, besides such traditional export products of the region as Fig s and Olive Oil , Cotton has also taken an increasing importance. The fortunes of the Aydın province had been in fact changed with many European investors seeking alternative cotton-producing regions at the time of the American Civil War . The first railroad in the Ottoman Empire was built to connect Aydın and İzmir (130 kilometers) between 1856 - 1866 and there is an imposing train station in the city dating from the same period. According to 1912 figures, the Sandjak of Aydın had a total population of 220000, in which 39000-54500 according to varying sources, were Greeks . During the Greco-Turkish War Of 1919-1922 , some heavy fighting took place in and around Aydın, and names of such resistants as Yörük Ali Efe , who were based in the surrounding mountains and conducted a guerilla warfare against the Greek army, became heroes in Turkey. Aydın Greeks have been exchanged with Turks living in Greece under the 1923 agreement for Exchange Of Greek And Turkish Populations between the two countries. REFERENCES
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