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LATIN VERSION

The Latin version of the Tatar alphabet contains 35 letters. There are 10 Vowel s and 25 Consonant s. There are 10 extra letters: Çç, Ğğ, Şş, Ññ, Ää, Öö, Üü, Iı, İi and Íí. The other letters are the same in both alphabets, but they are pronounced differently.

A , Ä , B , C , Ç , D , E , F , G , Ğ , H , I , İ , Í , J , K , L , M , N , Ñ , O , Ö , P , Q , R , S , Ş , T , U , Ü , V , W , X , Y , Z .

Tatar vowels are: a/ä, o/ö, u/ü, í/i, ı/e.

The symbol «'» is used for the Arabic sound '' Glottal Stop '' (known as '' Hamza in Tatar'').

It is possible to use these letters for writing words of non-Tatar origin: Á , Â , É , Ó , Ú .

The Tatarstan government declared encoding with the characters listed above. But it also recommended using non-standard fonts for publishing. In publishing the Ə letter can be used instead of Ä , Ө instead of Ö and Ŋ instead of Ñ . Crimean Tatar has its own written form, with some differences from the Kazan Tatar orthography: there is no x, w, ä or í.


Pronunciation

Tatar writing is completely phonetic, full WYSIWYS (what you see is what you say). This rule excludes recent loanwords, such as ''summit'' and names.

  • A – a as in "ugly"

  • Ä – ä as in "man", but less open

  • B – be as in "bell"

  • C – ce as in "jet" but without first {Link without Title}

  • Ç – çe as in "chair" but without first {Link without Title}

  • D – de as in "decade"

  • E – e as in "six"

  • F – fe as in "federal"

  • G – ge as in "get"

  • Ğ – ğı is back version of g

  • H – he as in "helicopter"

  • I – ı as in "number"

  • İ – i as in "kiss"

  • Í – í as in "mankey"

  • J – je as in "pleasure" (Tatar gara'''j''' = garage, pronounced as in French & English)

  • K – ke as in "kettle"

  • L – le as in "leg"

  • M – me as in "men"

  • N – ne as in "never"

  • Ñ – eñ as in "English"

  • O – o as in "orchestra"

  • Ö – ö as in "urge" and like German '''ö'''

  • P – pe as in "pen"

  • Q – qu as in "Iraq"

  • R – re as in Spanish "carro"

  • S – se as in "sell"

  • Ş – şe as in "shelf"

  • T – te as in "telephone"

  • U – u as in "oops!"

  • Ü – ü as in "fruit, n'''u'''de" and like German '''ü'''

  • V – ve as in "vegetable"

  • W – we as in "wall"

  • Y – ye as in "yes"

  • X – xa as "kh", or like Scottish "ch" in "lo'''ch'''"

  • Z – ze as in "zebra"



CYRILLIC VERSION

The Cyrilic version of the Tatar alphabet contains 39 letters:

А Ә Б В Г Д Е (Ё) Ж Җ З И Й К Л М Н Ң О Ө П Р С Т У Ү Ф Х Һ Ц Ч Ш Щ Ь Ы Ъ Э Ю Я

Unlike Tatar Latin, Tatar Cyrillic is not WYSIWYS.


Changing of alphabets



HISTORY OF TATAR WRITING

Before 1928 , the Tatar language was usually written using the Arabic Alphabet (or, more correctly, Persian Alphabet ) when it was written at all. The writing system was inherited from Bolgar . See Iske Imla .

The most ancient of Tatar literature (in Bolgar) was created in the beginning of the , if current legal obstacles do not prevent it. Tatarstan's government as well as human rights groups strongly oppose the Russian Federal Law ''On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation'' passed in 2002 .

The first printed Tatar book used the Armenian Alphabet in the 17th century and was printed in Leipzig (However, this is disputed). Another is Peter The Great 's ''Manifest'', printed in Arabic Script on the tsar's ship during his voyage to Astrakhan.

Printed books appeared en masse in 1801 when the first private Typography ("Oriental typography") in Kazan appeared. The first Typewriter in the Arabic alphabet was created in Tatarstan in the 1920s. See Janalif (typewriter) The Tatar Cyrillic script requires the Russian Alphabet plus 6 extra letters: Әә, Өө, Үү, Җҗ, Ңң, Һһ.

Before the 1980s, extra letters were placed after the original Russian ones, but in the 1990s the extra letters were inserted after their pairmates.

The Keräşen Tatar ethnic group has used another Cyrillic alphabet, based on Russian, since the 19th century. This alphabet requires the Russian alphabet with pre-1917 orthography for Russian Christian religious words and Cyrillic letters А, О, У with Umlaut s for Tatar vowels and the ligature НГ (Ng). This alphabet is related to the Mari alphabet and was used because Christian Tatars couldn't use the Arabic script.


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