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Spinal locks can be separated into two categories based on their primary area of effect on the spinal column: spinal locks on the neck are called neck cranks and locks on the lower parts of the spine are called '''spine cranks'''. NECK CRANK A neck crank (sometimes also referred to as a '''neck lock''', and technically known as a '''cervical lock''') is a spinal lock applied to the Cervical Spine causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, lateral hyperflexion, hyperrotation or extension-distraction, either through bending, twisting or elongating. A neck crank is typically applied by pulling or twisting the head beyond its normal ranges of rotation. Neck cranks are included techniques in several martial arts such as Brazilian Jiu-jitsu and Judo , but are usually banned from sports competitions, with notable exceptions in Combat Sport s such as Submission Wrestling and Mixed Martial Arts , where they are used as Submission Holds . Can opener The can opener (in Judo referred to as ''kubi-hishigi'') is a hyperflexing neck crank that can be applied from the opponents Guard or from a Mounted Position , by grabbing the opponents head using the hands, and forcing it towards the chest of the opponent. In competitions (where allowed) it is usually used as a taunting or distracting move, but if applied effectively in a competition, it may force the opponent to Submit . Cattle catch The cattle catch (also referred to as '''reverse crucifix''', '''iron cross''' or '''stocks''') is a hyperflexing neck crank involving trapping the opponent's hands and forcing the head towards his or her chest. The technique is performed with the opponent lying on his or her back, and the combatant performing the neck crank perpendicularly face-down in a Side Mount position above the head of the opponent, with the opponent's head resting towards his armpit. The combatant traps one arm using the legs, and the other using the arms. By using the pinned arms and legs as a point of leverage, the combatant can forcefully crank the head towards the opponent's chest. Crucifix neck crank The crucifix neck crank is similar to the cattle catch, but involves the combatant performing the neck crank being Mounted on the opponent. Both of the opponent's arms are controlled, and the opponent's head is held in the armpit. By cranking the body upwards while keeping a tight hold on the opponents arms, the opponents head is forced towards his or her chest. Both the cattle catch and the crucifix neck crank are colloquially referred to simply as the crucifix, which often leads to confusion with the traditional Crucifix Position . Twister The twister (a similar move in 2006 . SPINE CRANK A spine crank (the term '''spine lock''' is also often used to refer exclusively to this type) is a spinal lock that affects the Thoracic and/or Lumbar regions of the Spinal Column . A spine crank is applied by twisting or bending the upper body beyond its normal ranges of motion, causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, or hyperrotation of the spine. In Martial Arts , spine cranks are generally rarer techniques than Neck Cranks because they are more difficult to apply. Twisting or bending the upper body to apply pressure to the spinal column requres large amounts of leverage compared to twisting or bending the head. One of the most well-known spine cranks is the Boston Crab , which is usually depicted in Pro-wrestling context. Similary to neck cranks, spine cranks are illegal techniques in most Combat Sport s, excluding some Submission Wrestling and Mixed Martial Arts competitions, where they are used as Submission Holds . Even if allowed, spine cranks are very rarely featured because of the difficulty applying them. SEE ALSO REFERENCES Main references
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