| Spencer Fullerton Baird |
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| CATEGORIES ABOUT SPENCER FULLERTON BAIRD | |
| 1823 births | |
| baird, spencer fullerton | |
| 1887 deaths | |
| american ornithologists | |
| american ichthyologists | |
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Spencer Fullerton Baird ( February 3 , 1823 – August 19 , 1887 ) was an American Ornithologist and Ichthyologist . Baird was born in Reading, Pennsylvania . He graduated at Dickinson College , Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1840 , and next year made an ornithological excursion through the mountains of Pennsylvania , walking, says one of his biographers, 400 miles in twenty-one days, and the last day 60 miles. In 1838 he met John James Audubon , and from then on his studies were largely ornithological, Audubon giving him a part of his own collection of birds. After studying medicine for a time, Baird became professor of natural history in Dickinson College in 1845 , assuming also the duties of the chair of chemistry, and giving instruction in physiology and mathematics. This variety of duties in a small college tended to give him that breadth of scientific interest which characterized him through life, and made him perhaps the most representative general man of science in America. For the long period between 1850 and 1878 he was assistant-secretary of the Smithsonian Institution , in Washington, D.C., where he encouraged the work of the young naturalists in the Megatherium Club . On the death of Joseph Henry he became secretary. From 1871 until his death he was also U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. While an officer of the Smithsonian, Baird's duties included the superintendence of the labour of workers in widely different lines. Thus, apart from his assistance to others, his own studies and published writings cover a broad range: Iconography , Geology , Mineralogy , Botany , Anthropology , general Zoology , and, in particular, ornithology; while for a series of years he edited an annual volume summarizing progress in all scientific lines of investigation. He gave general superintendence, between 1850 and 1860, to several government expeditions for scientific exploration of the western territories of the United States, preparing for them a manual of Instructions to Collectors. Of his own publications, the bibliography by and Robert Ridgway ) ''History of North American Birds'' (Boston, 1875-1884; Land Birds, 3 vols., Water Birds, 2 vols). He died at the great marine biological laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts , an institution which was largely the result of his own efforts, and which has exercised a wide effect upon both scientific and economic ichthyology. EPONYMY The genus '' Bairdiella '' of Drumfishes was named after him by Theodore Gill in 1861. Species names after him include:
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