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The Harbor ( I-110 ), San Diego ( I-405 ), Gardena ( CA/SR-91 ), and Century ( I-105 ) Freeways provide the region with its principal transportation links. The Los Angeles MTA 's Green Line Light Rail line also serves the South Bay. Several ports and harbors in the South Bay provide access to Santa Catalina Island , a popular resort. Note that in Northern California , "South Bay" refers to the South Bay Of The San Francisco Bay Area . PEOPLE The South Bay is one of the most culturally, economically, and ethnically diverse areas in the United States, with a largely even distribution of population among persons of European, Asian/Pacific Islander, African, and Latino ancestry. However, the racial and economic makeup varies widely across the region. The beach cities and the Palos Verdes Peninsula are mostly white and very affluent (Note that Palos Verdes Peninsula currently has large communities of Japan ese, Korean , Chinese / Taiwanese people). Manhattan Beach , which was exclusively white for many years, and Palos Verdes is also one of the most wealthiest communities in the US. The demographics are very different on the east of the San Diego Freeway . Hawthorne and Gardena are a diverse communities with a plurality of blacks and Latinos. They form a kind of buffer between the wealthy beach cities to the west and the impoverished areas of South Los Angeles to the east. Gardena is home to one of LA's oldest Japanese communities, though many of the younger and wealthier residents are moving to the San Gabriel Valley . MAJOR EMPLOYERS Port of Los Angeles The is almost entirely attributable to increased port traffic since the 1980s. Unfortunately, the massive increase in cargo volume has created significant Air Pollution (especially of Particulate matter resulting from the combustion of low-grade marine Diesel fuel) in neighboring communities. Aerospace The South Bay is the traditional home of Southern California's Aerospace industry. While considerably shrunken from its Cold War peak, it still represents a major economic force, employing thousands in high-skill, high-wage Engineering positions and generating enormous amounts of tax revenue. Northrop Grumman has a major facility in El Segundo where the F/A-18 Hornet fuselage is manufactured, as well as the headquarters of the Space Technology division in Redondo Beach and a facility at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport . Boeing and Lockheed Martin also maintain extensive production facilities throughout the South Bay, and Raytheon's Space and Airborne Systems business unit is based in El Segundo. The Los Angeles Air Force Base , in El Segundo, is the locus of much of this aerospace research activity, as it is the primary development facility for military Satellite s and other space programs. DirecTV , a former subsidiary of Hughes Aircraft , is also headquartered in El Segundo for this reason. Refining Petroleum refining is another important component of the South Bay's economy. Major South Bay refiners include BP ( ARCO facility in Carson), Chevron (El Segundo), ConocoPhillips (Wilmington), ExxonMobil (Torrance), Shell (Wilmington), and Valero (Wilmington). These refiners supply the lion's share of petroleum products for Southern California, as well as for Nevada and Arizona . As the Los Angeles region's oil fields are mostly exhausted, most of the crude oil that feeds the refineries is brought in from terminals at the port. Local politicians and activists have long denounced the refineries for the amount of air pollution they generate, but in recent years these protests have been muted as the Port of Los Angeles has become the region's dominant polluter. The controversial practice of Residue Flaring returned to the forefront during the September 12, 2005 Los Angeles Department Of Water And Power outage; facing dangerous pressure buildups, refinery operators in Wilmington were forced to flare, resulting in dangerously bad air quality throughout the southeastern South Bay. The incident has renewed calls for restrictions on flaring in non-emergency situations. Automotive Japanese automobile manufacturers . EDUCATION
MEDIA In addition to the Los Angeles Times , the South Bay cities are served by their own daily paper, the '' Daily Breeze ''. The ''Daily Breeze'' is usually center-right in terms of its political stance. MUSIC The South Bay has produced numerous significant Rock Bands , beginning with Hawthorne natives The Beach Boys in the early 1960s. Other notable South Bay-based groups include:
Black Flag guitarist Greg Ginn 's SST record label, one of the most important Alternative Rock labels of the 1980s, maintained its headquarters in Lawndale. COMMUNITIES Communities in the South Bay include:
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