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Sopwith Camel




This article describes the fighter plane. For the 1960s Psychedelic Rock Music band, see Sopwith Camel (band) .

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The Sopwith Camel Scout was a British World War I single-seat Fighter Aircraft that was famous for its manoeuvrability.

HISTORY

Intended as a replacement for the Sopwith Pup , the Sopwith Camel prototype first flew in December 1916 . It was known as the "Big Pup" early on in its development. It was armed with two .303 In (7.7 Mm ) Vickers Machine Gun s mounted in front of the Cockpit , firing forward through the propeller disc. A fairing surrounding the gun installation created a hump that led to the aircraft acquiring the name Camel . The Camel entered squadron service in June 1917. Approximately 5,500 Camels were produced.

Unlike the preceding Pup and Triplane, the Camel was not considered to have pleasant handling characteristics. The strong Gyroscopic effect of the Rotary Engine resulted in strange handling, and the Camel was notoriously difficult to fly in the hands of a novice (many were crashed due to mishandling on landing approach). The Camel was particularly noted for its vicious spinning characteristics. In level flight, the Camel was tail-heavy. It turned sharply to the right with a nose down attitude, while it turned slowly to the left with a nose up attitude. Turns in either direction required left rudder.

Nevertheless, agility in combat made the Sopwith Camel one of the best remembered Allied aircraft of World War I . Among its survivors it was known as providing a choice between a "wooden cross, red cross, and Victoria Cross." Together with the S.E.5a , the Camel wrested aerial superiority away from the German Albatros scouts. The Camel was credited with shooting down 1294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied scout.

By mid-1918, the Camel was basically obsolete, limited by its slow speed and comparatively poor performance over 12,000 feet. However, the protracted development of the Camel's replacement, the Sopwith Snipe , meant that the Camel remained in service until the Armistice.


VARIANTS

The Camel was powered by a variety of rotary engines during the production period.
  • 130 hp Clerget 9B Rotary

  • 140 hp Clerget 9Bf Rotary

  • 110 hp Le Rhone 9J Rotary

  • 150 hp Bentley BR1 Rotary

  • 100 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9B-2 Rotary

  • 150 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N Rotary


The Gnome engines differed from the others in that a selector switch could cut the ignition to all bar one of the cylinders to reduce power for landing. (This was because rotary engines did not have throttles and were at full 'throttle' all the while the ignition was on) On the others the engine had to be "blipped" using a control column-mounted ignition switch (blip switch) to reduce power sufficiently for a safe landing.


Sopwith Camel F.1

  • Single-seat fighter scout aircraft.

  • The main production version.



Sopwith Camel 2F.1

  • Shipboard fighter scout aircraft.



Sopwith Camel 'Comic' Nightfighter

Pilot seat moved to rear. Served with Home Defence Squadrons against Zeppelin raids.


F.1/1

  • Version with tapered wings.



(Trench Fighter) T.F.1

  • Experimental trench fighter.

  • Downward angled machine guns

  • Armour plating for protection



OPERATORS

  • Australia (AFC), Belgium, Canada, Estonia, Greece, Lativa, Poland, United Kingdom (RAF, RFC, RNAS), United States,



SPECIFICATIONS (F.1 CAMEL)


  plane Or Copter plane
  jet Or Prop prop
  ref Quest for Performance1
  crew 1
  length Main 18 ft 9 in
  length Alt 571 m
  span Main 28 ft 0 in
  span Alt 853 m
  height Main 8 ft 6 in
  height Alt 259 m
  area Main 231 ft&2
  area Alt 2146 m&2
  empty Weight Main 930 lb
  empty Weight Alt 420 kg
  loaded Weight Main 1,455 lb
  loaded Weight Alt 660 kg
  engine (prop) Clerget 9B
  type Of Prop 9-cylinder Rotary Engine
  number Of Props 1
  power Main 130 hp
  power Alt 97 kW
  max Speed Main 115 mph
  max Speed Alt 185 km/h
  stall Speed Main 48 mph
  stall Speed Alt 77 km/h
  range Main 300 mi ferry
  range Alt 485 km
  ceiling Main 21,000 ft
  ceiling Alt 6,400 m
  climb Rate Main 1,085 ft/min
  climb Rate Alt 55 m/s
  loading Main 63 lb/ft&sup2
  loading Alt 308 kg/m&sup2
  power/mass Main 009 hp/lb
  power/mass Alt 150 W/kg
  guns 2× 0303 in (77 mm) Vickers Machine Gun s



REFERENCES





TRIVIA

There are only seven vintage Sopwith Camels left in the world, with only one in the United States. It can be found at the Aerospace Education Center in Little Rock, Arkansas .


The Camel in Popular Culture

The Camel appears in literature as:


Videogames

The Camel also appears in the following videogames:


EXTERNAL LINKS




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