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Zaragoza (formerly ''Saragossa'' in English ; Latin '''Caesaraugusta''') is the Capital City of the Autonomous Region and former Kingdom of Aragon in Spain , and is located on the river Ebro , and its Tributaries the Huerva and Gállego, near the centre of the region, in a great Valley with a variety of landscapes, ranging from Desert (Los Monegros) to thick Forest , Meadow s and Mountain s. According to data from Zaragoza council from 1 January 2004 , the population of the city of Zaragoza was 641,581. The population of the Metropolitan Area was estimated in 2003 at 656,922 inhabitants, ranking as the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. The Municipality is home to more than 50% of the Aragon population. The city is 199 Metre s above Sea Level , and constitutes a crossroads between Madrid , Barcelona , Valencia and Bilbao , all about 300 Kilometre s (200 Mile s) from Zaragoza. ]] HISTORY Zaragoza was the scene of two famous , a choirboy in the basilica, and Pedro De Arbués , an official of the Spanish Inquisition . From 1013 to 1110 Zaragoza was one of the Taifa kingdoms, independent Muslim states which emerged in the 11th Century following the destruction of the Cordoban Caliphate . During the first three decades of this period, 1013 – 1046 , the city was ruled by the Banu Tujibi . In 1046 they were replaced by the Banu Hud who ruled until they were defeated by the Almoravids . It suffered two famous sieges during the from June to August 1808 ; and a Second from December 1808 to February 1809 (see Agustina De Aragón ). During the Spanish Civil War it was briefly liberated from Fascism by the Durruti Column , led by Buenaventura Durruti . ECONOMY In addition to the advantageous geographic situation, a sector; and various more local companies, such as Pikolin and Lacasa , that are gradually making their ways into the international market. High-speed Rail route since December 2003 , which consolidates the city role as a communications hub. Zaragoza is home to a Spanish Air Force base, which was (until September 1992) shared with the US Air Force . In English, the base was known as Zaragoza Air Base . The Spanish Air Force maintained an F/A-18 Hornet wing at the base. No American flying wings were permanently based here, but it served as a training base for American fighter squadrons across Europe. CULTURE Zaragoza is linked by Legend s to the beginnings of Christianity in Spain. According to legend, the Virgin Mary appeared Miraculously to Saint James The Great in the 1st Century , standing on a pillar. This legend is commemorated by a famous Catholic Basilica called '' Nuestra Señora Del Pilar '' ("Our Lady of the Pillar"). The event, called "Las Fiestas del Pilar", is celebrated on October 12 which is a major Fiesta in Zaragoza. Since it coincided in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus , that day is also celebrated as '' El Día De La Hispanidad '' ( Columbus Day , literally ''Hispanic Day'') by Spanish -speaking people worldwide. SPORTS Zaragoza is strongly associated with Jaca in its bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics . It would host the Opening and Closing ceremonies (at La Romareda stadium), as well as most of the ice events venues. PLACES OF INTEREST Near the Basilica on the banks of the Ebro are located the City Hall , the Lonja (old Currency Exchange ), the Cathedral or La Seo Cathedral , and the ruins of the Roman City Wall . Near this area is a Tapas zone called ''El Tubo'' and a Nightclub district called ''El Casco''. Other nightclub districts are ''La Zona'' and ''El Royo''. The city is home to a number of popular gay and lesbian establishments as well. Some distance from the center of the old city is an expansive Moorish Castle / Palace called the Aljafería, one of the northernmost important Moorish buildings in Spain and the setting selected by Giuseppe Verdi for his famous Opera Il Trovatore (The Troubadour). The Aragonese Parliament currently sits in the building. Zaragoza is linked by Renfe's AVE High-speed Rail service to Madrid and to Lérida in Catalonia . DEMOGRAPHY Population growth, in thousands, can be seen here: ImageSize = width:650 height:300 PlotArea = width:450 height:230 left:180 bottom:35 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:650 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:30 start:0 BarData= bar:1910 text:"1910" bar:1920 text:"1920" bar:1930 text:"1930" bar:1940 text:"1940" bar:1950 text:"1950" bar:1960 text:"1960" bar:1971 text:"1971" bar:1981 text:"1981" bar:1991 text:"1991" bar:1994 text:"1994" bar:1996 text:"1996" bar:2001 text:"2001" bar:2004 text:"2004" bar:2005 text:"2005" PlotData= width:15 bar:1910 color:brightblue from:0 till:99 bar:1920 color:brightblue from:0 till:112 bar:1930 color:brightblue from:0 till:141 bar:1940 color:brightblue from:0 till:174 bar:1950 color:brightblue from:0 till:239 bar:1960 color:brightblue from:0 till:264 bar:1971 color:brightblue from:0 till:326 bar:1981 color:brightblue from:0 till:480 bar:1991 color:brightblue from:0 till:591 bar:1994 color:brightblue from:0 till:622 bar:1996 color:brightblue from:0 till:602 bar:2001 color:brightblue from:0 till:611 bar:2004 color:brightblue from:0 till:639 bar:2005 color:brightblue from:0 till:647
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