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Salome (Hebrew, ''"shalom",'' "peace") was a follower (or possibly disciple) of Jesus , who appears briefly in the canonical gospels, and who appears in more detail in Apocryphal writings. SALOME IN THE CANONICAL GOSPELS In Matthew , Salome is never named, but referred to as the "mother of Zebedee 's sons", which would make her mother of James and John . She asked Jesus for a place of honour for her sons in God's kingdom, and later witnessed the Crucifixion , accompanied by Mary Magdalene and "Mary the mother of James and Joses ". The corresponding passage in the Mark gives her the name Salome. In John , again a trio of women watch the crucifixion; this time they are named as Mary Magdalene, Mary, The Mother Of Jesus , and "Mary (wife) of Clopas ", his mother's sister. The most usual interpretation is to identify Salome as Mary of Clopas, thus making her Jesus' aunt. "Mary the mother of James and Joses" is identified with Mary, the mother of Jesus, backed up by an earlier passage in Mark which names a James and a Joses (or Joseph) as being among Jesus' brothers. However, the traditional Catholic interpretation associates Mary of Clopas with Mary the mother of James and Joses, leaving Salome unrelated to Jesus. In ''Mark'', Salome is among the women who went to Jesus' tomb to anoint his body with spices. They discovered that the Stone Had Been Rolled Away , and a figure in white then told them that Jesus had risen, and asked them to tell Jesus' disciples that he would meet them in Galilee . In ''Matthew'', just two women are mentioned in the same story; Mary Magdalene and the somewhat ambiguous "other Mary". The canonical gospels never go so far as to label Salome a 'disciple', and so mainstream Christian writers usually describe her as a 'follower' of Jesus. SALOME IN THE APOCRYPHA The early Christian '' Gospel Of Thomas '' found at Nag Hammadi mentions among the "disciples" of Jesus (the Greek expression " Apostle s" does not appear) two women, Salome and Mary Magdalene (referred to simply as "Mary"). The controversial ''. And the sister of the young man whom Jesus loved was there with his mother and Salome, but Jesus would not receive them." The lines complete a well-known Lacuna in ''Mark'' as the text currently stands. In the early but non-canonic '' Greek Gospel Of The Egyptians '' (early 2nd century), Salome appears again as a disciple of Jesus. She asks him how long death would hold sway, and he says to her, "So long as women bring forth, for I come to end the works of the female." To this Salome replies, "Then I have done well in not bringing forth." It would appear from this text that there was an early tradition that Salome the disciple was childless, and apparently unmarried. In the ''Gospel of Thomas'' there is a reference to Jesus sharing Salome's couch at the meal, and of Salome's esoteric questioning. 'Who are you sir,' she asks him, 'that you have taken your place on my couch and eaten from my table?' And Jesus says, "I am he who is from the One, and the things that belong to the Father have been given to me." Salome replies, "But I am your disciple", and Jesus answers, "When the disciple is united he will be filled with light, but if he is divided he will be filled with darkness." Even non-Christian writers in the 2nd century were aware that some tradition existed of secret teachings passed down from "Salome the disciple", to sects such as the Carpocratian s, the followers of the Carpocrates who got hold of an unauthorized copy of the '' Secret Gospel Of Mark '' in Alexandria mentioned in Clement's private letter and who claimed to derive some of their Gnostic tenets from Salome, it would appear. A 2nd-century Greek, Celsus , wrote a ''True Discourse'' attacking the Christian sects as a threat to the Roman state. At the time he was writing, ''c.'' AD 178, the variety of Christian sects was still extremely broad. His treatise is lost, but quotes survive in the attack written somewhat later by Origen , ''Contra Celsum'' ("Against Celsus"): "While some of the Christians proclaim {Link without Title} they have the same god as do the Jews, others insist that there is another god higher than the creator-god and opposed to him. And some Christians teach that the Son came from this higher god. Still others admit of a third god - those, that is to say, who call themselves gnostics - and still others, though calling themselves Christians, want to live according to the laws of the Jews. I could also mention those who call themselves Simonians after Simon, and those naming themselves Helenians after Helen, his consort. There are Christian sects named after Marcellina, Harpocratian Christians who trace themselves to Salome, and some who follow Mariamne and others who follow Martha, and still others who call themselves Marcionites after their leader, Marcion." In the early Christian texts there are several other references to "Salome". A Salome appears in the infancy gospel attached to the name of James the Just, the ''Protevangelion Of James'' , ch. XIV: :"14 And the midwife went out from the cave, and Salome met her. 15 And the midwife said to her, "Salome, Salome, I will tell you a most surprising thing, which I saw. 16 A virgin has brought forth, which is a thing contrary to nature." 17 To which Salome replied, "As the Lord my God lives, unless I receive particular proof of this matter, I will not believe that a virgin has brought forth." :18 Then Salome went in, and the midwife said, "Mary, show yourself, for a great controversy has arisen about you." 19 And Salome tested her with her finger. 20 But her hand was withered, and she groaned bitterly, 21 and said, "Woe to me, because of my iniquity! For I have tempted the living God, and my hand is ready to drop off." That Salome is the first, after the midwife, to bear witness to the Miraculous Birth and to recognize Jesus as the Christ, are circumstances that tend to connect her with Salome the disciple. An apocryphal Coptic , whom Jesus delivered out of the hand of Satan; Mary who ministered to him; Martha her sister; Joanna (perhaps also Susanna ) who renounced the marriage bed; and "Salome who tempted him". SEE ALSO REFERENCE |
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