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The Novator 9K37 "Buk" (Russian 9К37 "Бук" – ''beech'', NATO Reporting Name '''SA-11 "Gadfly"''') is the successor to the well-regarded NIIP/ Vympel 3M9 Kub (SA-6 "Gainful") medium-altitude, medium-range Surface-to-air Missile system. It features improvements in number of Missiles carried per TEL , range and altitude performance, missile speed, guidance accuracy and warhead potency. There is some interoperability between the two systems. The table below highlights the differences. The 9K37 is designed to engage maneuverable aircraft such as jets, helicopters and cruise missiles. The export version of this system is known as "Gang" (Russian Ганг – '' Ganges ''). MISSILES AND GUIDANCE Each missile is 5.55 m (18 feet) long, weighs 690 kg (1521 lb) and carries a relatively massive 70 kg (154 lb) warhead which is triggered by a radar proximity fuze. Propulsion is via a Solid Fuel Rocket Booster , the empty container at burnout forming the combusion chamber for a Liquid Fuel Ramjet sustainer. This gives the missiles good range for their size as well as rapid initial acceleration. The following Kill Probabilities are claimed:
The battery requires 5 minutes to set up before it is ready for engagement and can be ready for transit again in 5 minutes. Reaction time, from target tracking to missile launch, is 22 seconds. RADAR .]] .]] The 9K37 utilises the 9S18 "Tube Arm"/'''9S18M1 "Snow Drift"''' surveillance radar in combination with the '''9S470'''/'''9S470M1 "Fire Dome"''' H/I-band tracking and engagement radar which is mounted on each TELAR . The "Snow Drift" surveillance radar has a maximum detection range of 85 km (53 miles) and can detect an aircraft flying at 100 m (330 ft) from 35 km (22 mi) away and even lower flying targets at ranges of around 10-20 km (6-12 mi). "Snow Drift" is mounted on a chassis similar to that of the TELARs. "Fire Dome" is a Monopulse type radar and can begin tracking at the missile's maximum range (32 km/20 mi) and can track aircraft flying at between 15,000 and 22,000 m (50,000 to 72,000 ft) altitudes. It can guide up to three missiles against a single target. The 9K37 system supposedly has much better ECCM characteristics (i.e. is more resistant to ECM / Jamming ) than the 3M9 "Kub" (SA-6) system that it replaces. An optical tracking system with laser rangefinder is not standard but can be fitted. The 9K37 system can also utilise the same 1S91 "Straight Flush" 25kW G/H-band Continuous-wave radar as the 3M9 "Kub" (SA-6) system. The control post which coordinates communications between the surveillance radar(s) and the launchers is able to communicate with up to six TEL s at once. The SA-N-7 naval version utilises the MR-750 "Top Steer" D/E-band surveillance radar with a maximum detection range of 300 km (186 miles) and the '''3R90 "Front Dome"''' H/I-band tracking and engagement radar with a maximum range of 30 km (19 mi). VERSIONS The 3K90 M-22 "Uragan"' (Russian Ураган - ''hurricane'') is the naval version of the Buk and has the NATO Reporting Name SA-N-7. The export version of this system is known as "Shtil" (Russian Штиль – ''still''). The SA-17 "Grizzly" /SA-N-12 is the next generation Buk system (Buk-M1-2). VEHICLES The 9A39 reload vehicle for the 9K37 resembles the 9A310 TELAR but instead of a radar they have a crane for loading missiles. They are capable of launching missiles directly but require the cooperation of a "Fire Dome" equipped TELAR for guidance. The "Snow Drift" is mounted on a similar chassis, as is the command vehicle. A reload vehicle can transfer its missiles to a TELAR in around 13 minutes and can reload itself from stores in around 15 minutes. Each battery typically consists of a command vehicle, surveillance radar vehicle, six TELAR s and six reload/launch vehicles. RELATED WEAPONS It has been suggested that the Novator KS-172 AAM-L , an extremely-long range Air-to-air Missile and possible Anti-satellite weapon, is a derivative of the 9M37 "Buk". BUK-M1 The Buk-M1 Russian Surface-to-air Missile (SAM). It is a mobile system back-compatible with Kub . Two missiles can be launched simultaneously. The system is equipped with four missiles per launcher. STATS
HISTORY Development of the Buk surface-to-air missile was completed in 1979. The overall 9K37 system was developed by NIIP Tikhomirov, a Russian weapons manufacturer. Both the Kub and Buk used self-propelled launchers developed by A A Rastrov. 9K37M MODEL The 9K37M is an improved version of the Buk for use by the Russian military Stats
9K37M1 MODEL The 9K37M1 is Russia's export version of the Buk Stats
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