Rulers Of Hesse

Hesse is a region of west-central Germany . Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia , in the mid 13th Century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke Of Brabant , and became a distinct political entity. From the late 16th century it was generally divided into several branches, the most important of which were those of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt . In the early 19th Century the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to Elector of Hesse (1803), while the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt became the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1806). Hesse-Kassel was annexed by Prussia in 1866 , while Hesse-Darmstadt lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918 .

LANDGRAVES OF HESSE, 1264-1567

Landgraves of Hesse, 1264-1458

Henry I The Child , 1264-1308

Otto The Elder , son of Henry I, 1308-1328 in ''Lower Hesse'' (Kassel), reunited Hese in 1311

John , son of Henry I, 1308-1311 in ''Upper Hesse'' (Marburg)

Henry II The Iron , son of Otto I, 1328-1376

--- Louis The Junker , son of Otto I, 1336-1345 residing in Grebenstein

--- Hermann I The Elder , son of Otto I, 1336-1370 residing in Nordeck

--- Otto The Younger , son of Henry II the Iron, co-regent 1340-1366

Hermann II The Learned , son of Louis the Junker, 1376-1413, co-regent since 1367

Louis I The Peaceful 1413-1458

Landgraves of ''Lower Hesse'' (Kassel), 1458-1500

Louis II The Frank , eldest son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458-1471

William I The Elder , son of Louis III, 1471-1493

William II The Middle , son of Louis III, 1493-1509, reunited Hesse in 1500

Landgraves of ''Upper Hesse'' (Marburg), 1458-1500

Henry III The Rich , younger son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458-1483

--- Louis III The Younger (died 1478)

William III The Younger , 1483-1500

1500 reunited with Lower Hesse under William II

Landgraves of Hesse, 1500-1567

Philip I The Magnanimous , son of William II, 1509-1567

LANDGRAVES OF HESSE-KASSEL , 1567-1803

William IV The Wise , eldest son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1592

Maurice , 1592-1627

William V , second son son Maurice, 1627-1637

William VI , 1637-1663

William VII , 1663-1670

Charles II , 1670-1730

Frederick I , 1730-1751, also King of Sweden 1720-1751

William VIII , 1751-1760

Frederick II , 1760-1785

William IX , 1785-1803, became Elector William I in 1803

Landgraves of Hesse-Rotenburg , 1627-1834

Hermann , third son of Maurice, 1627-1658

Ernest , fifth son of Maurice, 1658-1693

William , 1693-1725

Ernest Leopold , 1725-1749

Constantine , 1749-1778, inherited Eschwege in 1755

Emanuel , 1778-1806 (died 1812)

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector Of Hesse

Victor Amadeus , 1813-1834

:''1834 extinct, reunited with Hesse-Kassel

Landgraves of Hesse-Eschwege , 1627-1755

Frederick , forth son of Maurice, 1627-1646

Ernest , fifth son of Maurice, 1646-1693

Charles , 1693-1711

William , 1711-1731

Christian , 1711-1755 Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried, since 1731 also in Eschwege

1755 united with Hesse-Rotenburg

Landgraves of Hesse-Rheinfels , 1627-1754

Ernest , fifth son of Maurice, 1627-1693

1658 united with Hesse-Rotenburg, 1754 with Hesse-Kassel

Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal

Philip , son of William VI, 1663-1721

Charles II , 1721-1770

William , 1770-1806 (died 1810)

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector Of Hesse

Ernst Constantine , 1813-1816

Ernst Constantine , 1816-1849

Charles II , 1849-1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

William , son of Philip, 1721-1761

Frederick , 1761-1772

Adolf , 1772-1803

Adolf , 1803-1806

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector Of Hesse

Adolf , 1813-1854 (restored)

Alexis , 1854-1866

1866 annexed by Prussia

LANDGRAVES OF HESSE-MARBURG , 1567-1604

Louis IV , second son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1604

1604 extinct and disputed between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648 divided between the two lines

LANDGRAVES OF HESSE-RHEINFELS , 1567-1583

Philip The Younger , third son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1583

1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt

LANDGRAVES OF HESSE-DARMSTADT , 1567-1806

George I , fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1596

Louis V , 1596-1626

George II , 1626-1661

Louis VI , 1661-1678

Louis VII , 1678

Ernest Louis , 1678-1739

Louis VIII , 1739-1768

Louis IX 1768-1790

Louis X 1790-1806, became Grand Duke Louis I

Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609-1643

Philip , second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609-1643

Landgraves of Hesse-Homburg , 1622-1866

Frederick I , third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622-1638

William Christoph , 1638-1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (''Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim'')

---Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638-1648

George Christian , 1669-1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Under mortgage to two merchants (1671-1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673-1679)

Frederick II , son of Fredrick I, 1679-1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (''The Prince of Homburg''), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681

Frederick III Jacob , 1708-1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands

Frederick IV , 1746-1751

Frederick V, Landgrave Of Hesse-Homburg , 1751 - 1806

---Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751-1766

1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress Of Vienna

Frederick V , 1815 - 1820 (restored)

Frederick VI , 1820-1829, Cavalry general in Austria

Louis , 1829-1839, Infantry general in Prussia

Philip , 1839-1846, Field marshall in Austria

Gustav , 1846-1848, Cavalry general in Austria

Ferdinand , 1484-1866, Cavalry general in Austria

1866 annexed by Prussia

Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625-1651

John , son of Louis V, 1626 - 1651

Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661-1676

George III , second son of George II, 1661-1676

ELECTORS OF HESSE (-KASSEL), 1803-1866

William I , 1803-1806

1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored

William I, 1813-1821 (restored)

William II , 1821-1847

Frederick William , 1847-1866, Regent since 1831

1866 annexed by Prussia

GRAND DUKES OF HESSE (-DARMSTADT) AND THE RHINE, 1806-1918

Louis I 1806-1830

Louis II 1830-1848

Louis III 1848-1877

Louis IV 1877-1892

Ernest Louis 1892-1918

1918 abdicated as the revolution transformed Hesse into a Volkstaat (People's State)

HEADS OF THE NON-REIGNING HOUSE OF HESSE

Line Hesse-Kassel (since 1866)

Frederick William, the former Elector, 1866-1875

Frederick, 1875-1884, son of Prince William Of Hesse-Kassel .

Frederick William, 1884-1888

Alexander Frederick, 1888-1925 (d.1945)

Frederick Charles , 1925-1940

Philip , 1940-1980

Heinrich , 1980-2000

Maurice , 2000-present

Line Hesse-Darmstadt (1918-1968)

Ernest Louis, the former Grand Duke, 1918-1937

George Donatus , Hereditary Grand Duke 1937

Louis , Prince 1937-1968

1968 the Line of Hesse-Darmstaft became extinct

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Rulers Of Hesse