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Robert Bernard Altman (born February 20 , 1925 ) is an American Film Director known for making Film s that are highly Naturalistic , but with a stylized perspective. In 2006, the Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences recognized his work with an Academy Honorary Award .
EARLY LIFE AND CAREER Altman was born in Kansas City, Missouri , the son of wealthy, insurance man/gambler Bernard Clement Altman (who came from an upper-class German-American family) and Helen Mathews, a Mayflower descendant of English and Scottish ancestry. His family was devoutly Catholic . Altman attended Rockhurst High School and Southwest High School in Kansas City, and was then sent to Wentworth Military Academy in nearby Lexington, Missouri , where he attended through junior college. In 1945 , at the age of 20, Altman enlisted in the Army Air Forces and was a pilot of a B-24 , dropping bombs over enemy territory, for the remainder of World War II . It had been while training for the Air Force in California that Altman had first seen the bright lights of Hollywood and became enamored of the movieland. Upon his discharge in 1946 , Altman began living in Los Angeles and tried out a number of schemes to position his foot firmly in Hollywood's door. Altman tried acting briefly, appearing in a nightclub scene as an extra in the Danny Kaye vehicle '' The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty ''. He then wrote a vague storyline (uncredited) for the United Artists picture '' Christmas Eve '', and sold to RKO the script for the 1948 motion picture '' Bodyguard '', which he co-wrote with Richard Fleischer . This sudden success encouraged Altman to move to the New York area and forge a career as a writer. There, Altman found a collaborator in George W. George , with whom he wrote numerous published and unpublished screenplays, musicals, novels, and magazine articles. Altman was not as successful this trip, but back in Hollywood, he tried out one more big money-making scheme. He invented a strange dog-tattooing system for canine identification and invested a lot of his and his friends' money into a company called "Identi-Code." As one of their publicity stunts, Altman and his associates even tattooed President Harry Truman 's dog, while Truman was still in the White House. However, the company soon went bankrupt, and in 1950 Altman returned to his friends and family in Kansas City, Missouri , broke and hungry for action, and itching for a second chance to get into movies. INDUSTRIAL FILM EXPERIENCE Since there were no film schools, Altman joined the Calvin Company , the world's largest industrial film production company and 16mm film laboratory, headquartered in Kansas City. Altman, fascinated by the company and their equipment, started as a film writer, and within a few months began to direct films. This led to his employment at the Calvin Company as a film director for almost six years. Until 1955 , Altman directed 60 to 65 industrial short films, earning $250 a week while simultaneously getting the necessary training and experience that he would need for a successful career in filmmaking. The ability to shoot rapidly on schedule and to work within the confines of both big and low budgets would serve him well later in his career. On the technical side, he learned all about "the tools of filmmaking": the camera, the boom mike, the lights, etc. However, Altman soon tired of the industrial film format and sought more challenging projects. He occasionally went to Hollywood and tried to write scripts, but then returned months later, broke, to the Calvin Company. According to Altman, the Calvin people dropped him another notch in salary each time. The third time, the Calvin people declared at a staff meeting that if he left and came back one more time, they were not going to keep him. FIRST FEATURE FILM In 1955 , Altman left the Calvin Company, not ever intending to return. He was soon hired by Elmer Rhoden Jr. , a local Kansas City movie theater exhibitor, to write and direct a low-budget exploitation film on juvenile crime, titled '' The Delinquents '', which would become his first feature film. Altman wrote the script in one week and filmed it with a budget of $63,000 on location in Kansas City in two weeks. Rhoden Jr. wanted the film to kick-start his career as a film producer. Altman wanted the film to be his ticket into the elusive Hollywood circles. The cast was made up of the local actors and actresses from community theater who also appeared in Calvin Company films, Altman family members, and three imported actors from Hollywood, including the future Billy Jack , Tom Laughlin . The crew was made up of Altman's former Calvin colleagues and friends with whom Altman planned to make his grand "Kansas City escape." In 1956 , Altman and his assistant director Reza Badiyi left Kansas City for good to edit ''The Delinquents'' in Hollywood. The film was picked up for distribution for $150,000 by United Artists and released in 1957 , grossing nearly $1,000,000. TELEVISION WORK ''The Delinquents'' was no runaway success, but it did catch the eye of Alfred Hitchcock , who was impressed and asked Altman to direct a few episodes of his '' Alfred Hitchcock Presents '' television series. From 1958 to 1964 , Altman directed numerous episodes of television series, including '' Combat! '', '' Bonanza '', and '' Route 66 ''. FILM CAREER CONTINUES
As a director, Altman favors stories showing the interrelationships between several characters; he states that he is more interested in character motivation than in intricate Plot s. As such, he tends to sketch out only a basic plot for the film, referring to the Screenplay as a "blueprint" for action, and allows his actors to improvise dialogue. This is one of the reasons Altman is known as an "actor's director," a reputation that helps him work with large casts of well-known actors. He frequently allows the characters to talk over each other in such a way that it's impossible to make out what each of them are saying. He notes on the DVD Commentary of ''McCabe & Mrs. Miller'' that he lets the dialogue overlap, as well as leaving some things in the plot for the audience to infer, because he wants the audience to pay attention. Similarly, he tries to have his films rated R (by the MPAA rating system) so as to keep children out of his audience–he does not believe children have the patience his films require. This sometimes spawns conflict with Movie Studio s, who ''do'' want children in the audience for increased revenues.
In 1975, Altman made Paramount 's '' Nashville '', a semi-musical with a political theme set against the world of Country Music . The stars of the film wrote the songs, one of which won an Academy Award . The way Altman made his films initially didn't sit well with audiences. In 1976, he attempted to expand his artistic freedom by founding Lions Gate Films . The films he made for the company include '' A Wedding '', '' 3 Women '', and '' Quintet ''. In 1980, he attempted a movie musical for Disney and Paramount, a live-action version of the comic strip/cartoon '' Popeye '' (which starred Robin Williams in his big-screen debut). The film did make money, but it was seen as a failure by some critics. During the 1980's, Altman did a series of films, some well-received (the Richard Nixon drama '' Secret Honor '') and some critically panned ('' O.C. & Stiggs ''). He also garnered a good deal of acclaim for his presidential campaign "mockumentary" '' Tanner '88 '', for which he earned an Emmy Award . Altman's career reached its peak when he directed 1992 's '' The Player '' for New Line subsidiary Fine Line Features . A satire on Hollywood and its troubles, it was nominated for three Academy Awards, including one for Best Director (Altman). Although it did not win any awards, Altman did get the acclaim his work deserved. After the success of ''The Player'', Altman directed 1993 's '' Short Cuts '', an ambitious adaptation of several short stories by Raymond Carver , which portrayed the lives of various citizens of the city of Los Angeles over the course of several days. The film's large cast and intertwining of many different storylines harkened back to his 1970s heyday and earned Altman another Oscar nomination for best director. It was acclaimed as Altman's best film in decades (Altman himself considers this, along with ''Tanner '88'', his most creative work) and, along with ''The Player'', cemented his reputation as one of America's best filmmakers. 1998 brought ''The Gingerbread Man'', a commercial failure, and 1999 brought ''Cookie's Fortune'', a critical success. In 2001, Altman's film ''Gosford Park'' gained a spot on many critics' lists of the ten best films of that year. Working with independent studios such as Fine Line, Artisan (now Lions Gate, ironically the studio Altman helped to found), and USA Films (now Focus Features ), gave Altman the edge in making the kinds of films he has always wanted to make without outside studio interference. Altman is still developing new projects today, including a Movie Version of the public radio series '' A Prairie Home Companion ''. After five nominations for best director and no wins, the Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences awarded Altman an Academy Honorary Award for lifetime achievement in 2006. During his acceptance speech for this award, Altman revealed that he had received a heart transplant approximately ten or eleven years earlier; the director quipped that perhaps the Academy had acted prematurely in recognizing the body of his work, as he felt like he might have four more decades of life ahead of him. FILMOGRAPHY
Early independent projects In the early Calvin years in Kansas City during the 1950s, Altman was as busy as he ever was in Hollywood, shooting hours and hours of footage each day, whether for Calvin or for the many independent film projects he pursued in Kansas City in attempts to break into Hollywood:
Selected Calvin industrial films Out of 65 or so industrial films directed by Altman for Calvin Company, all less than 30 minutes long, we have selected eleven which are notable for their relationship to the director's later work or for garnering national or international festival awards:
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