Information AboutRalph Bunche |
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Ralph Johnson Bunche ( August 7 , 1904 – December 9 , 1971 ) was an American Political Scientist and Diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in Palestine in the late 1940s that led to an armistice agreement between the Jew s and Arab s in the region. He was the first African-American, and first individual of non-European ethnicity or race to be so honored in the history of the Prize. {Link without Title} EARLY LIFE Bunche was born in Detroit, Michigan to an African-American family; his father was a Barber , his mother an amateur Musician . They moved to Los Angeles when he was a child to improve his parents' health. His parents died soon after, and he was raised by his grandmother, who looked "white" but was an active member of the black community. Bunche was a brilliant student, a top Debate r, and the Valedictorian (top ranked student) of his graduating class at Jefferson High School. He attended the University Of California, Los Angeles and graduated ''summa cum laude'' in 1927 -- again as the valedictorian of his class. Using the money his community raised for his studies, and a scholarship from the University, he studied for a Master's and a Doctorate in political science at Harvard . He chaired Howard University 's Department of Political Science from 1928 until 1950. He lived in the Brookland neighborhood of Washington, DC . In 1936 Bunche authored a pamphlet entitled ''A World View of Race''. In it Bunche wrote: "And so class will some day supplant race in world affairs. Race war will then be merely a side-show to the gigantic Class War which will be waged in the big tent we call the world." WORLD WAR II YEARS Bunche spent time during World War II in the Office Of Strategic Services (the predecessor of the CIA ). before joining the State Department . In 1943 Bunche went to the State Department where he became associate chief of the division of dependent area affairs under Alger Hiss . He became, with Hiss, one of the leaders of the Institute Of Pacific Relations (IPR). He participated in the preliminary planning for the United Nations at the San Francisco Conference of 1945 , and in 1946 he was a member of the first U.S. delegation to the U.N. He then became an employee of the U.N. as the first Director of its new Trusteeship Department, at the appointment of Secretary-General Trygve Lie . U.N. MEDIATOR Beginning in 1947 , he was involved with the Arab-Israeli Conflict . He served as assistant to the U.N. Special Committee on Palestine, and thereafter as the principal secretary of the U.N. Palestine Commission. In 1948 he traveled to the Middle East as the chief aide to Count Folke Bernadotte , who had been appointed by the U.N. to attempt to mediate the conflict. In September , Bernadotte was assassinated by members of the radical Zionist group Lehi . Bunche became the U.N.'s chief mediator and concluded the task with the signing of the 1949 Armistice Agreements , the work for which he received the Peace Prize and many other honors. He continued to work for the United Nations, mediating in other strife-torn regions including The Congo , Yemen , Kashmir , and Cyprus , eventually rising to the position of Undersecretary-general in 1968 . PROMINENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN As a prominent African-American , Bunche was an active and vocal supporter of the Civil Rights movement, though he never actually held a titled position in the major organizations of the movement. Bunche died in 1971 and is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx . of Ralph Bunche, Bunche Hall UCLA ]] A Bust of Ralph Bunche, on the entrance to ''Bunche Hall'', overlooks the ''Sculpture Garden'' at UCLA . Ralph Bunche Park is in New York City , across First Avenue from the United Nations Headquarters . Ralph Bunche house is in the Brookland neighborhood of Washington, DC, where he resided for many years. Bunche is a recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award , the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts Of America . SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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