| Qanat |
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| irrigation | |
| water supply | |
| iranian architecture | |
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, Xinjiang , China ]] Qanats are constructed as a series of Well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels. This technique allows water to be transported long distances in hot dry climates without losing a large proportion of the source water to seepage and Evaporation . As the water must run downwards under Gravity , the destination must be lower than the source, which is typically an upland Acquifer or Stream . About four-fifths of the water used in the Plateau regions of Iran is brought to use in this way. However, because agriculture is less and less practiced in Iran, the qanats that are being made now are not as effective as those made in the past due to deteriorating knowledge of how to make them. Common variant spellings/transliterations of qanat in English include ''kanat'', ''khanat'', ''kunut'', ''kona'', ''konait'', ''ghanat'', ''ghundat''. Closely related to such structures is the Karez . Other alternatives of Qanats in Asia and North Africa are ''kakuriz'', ''chin-avulz'', ''fugara'', ''mayun'', ''falaj''. SEE ALSO
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