Qbasic

DO

 CLS            'This clears the screen.  It's the default first line, as it gets rid of

                'unwanted text and graphics.  By the way, the apostrophe is a comment.

                'Everything past it is ignored by QBasic, which is why I can say anything.



 PRINT "Press escape to end the insane beeping!  Muahaha!"  'PRINT prints text to the screen.

                                                            'The quotes tell Qbasic that the stuff

                                                            'inside is a ''string''. PRINT can be

                                                            'replaced by a question mark "?".



 DO WHILE INKEY$ <> CHR$(27)  'Checks to see if the user is pressing "escape"; the

  'ASCII value of that key is represented by "CHR$(27)",

  'the ASCII value of escape is 27.  "DO WHILE" creates a loop, saying "Do this until

  'the user  Whatever Comes After The "DO WHILE", In Our Case Presses Escape 




 9000 + 100) '"LET"-This "declares" the variable.  It's obsolete, so you could


                                 'just say "x% =  Whatever ".



                                 '"RND" generates a smallish random number.  Multiplying it by 9000

                                 'makes it a number between 1 and 9000.  "+ 100" makes it between 101

                                 'and 9100. "INT" makes it an integer (number without a

                                 'decimal point) and the "%" tells QBasic it's an integer, rather

                                 'than, say, a string.



  SOUND x%, 1    'This makes a ''sound'', with its frequency (pitch) being x  Hz . This number has to

                 'be between 36 and 32767, but the speaker can't produce an audible pitch of more than

                 '9000 or so. ", 1" says that the sound will last 1 '' Clock Tick ''.  A clock tick in

                 'QBasic happens 18 times a second. So, this program will make some CRAZY beeps.



 LOOP           'This ties in with the "DO WHILE" part.  Without this, the "DO WHILE" won't know when

                'stop and start over.



 PRINT "Ok, I'll stop." 'Prints "Ok, I'll stop."

 SLEEP 2                'Waits two seconds, then continues. Remove the "2" and it will wait for a

                        'keypress. Note that different functions use different time units.



 INPUT "Beep again? (y/n , then hit enter, n is default)", beep$ 'Checks to see what the user types

                                                                 'before they hit enter, and stores it in a

                                                                 'variable ("beep")



LOOP WHILE beep$ = "y" OR beep$ = "Y" 'Tells the program to goto the start, if the users types "y"

' Spiro.bas

'

DECLARE SUB MoveTo (x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE)

DECLARE SUB Spiro (ns AS INTEGER, nw AS INTEGER, nt AS INTEGER, d AS INTEGER, spos AS INTEGER, x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE, col AS INTEGER)

DECLARE FUNCTION HighestCommonFactor (a AS INTEGER, b AS INTEGER)

'

' TEST ROUTINE

DIM s AS INTEGER ' loop counter

DIM col AS INTEGER ' Drawing color

DIM r AS INTEGER, spos AS INTEGER, x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE



    SCREEN 9 ' Set screen mode to 640x350, 16 colors

    x = 320 ' or Max x coordinate / 2

    y = 175 ' or Max y coordinate / 2

    col = 1

    diam = 2	' Diameter of drawing wheel

    spos = 100	' Starting position

    FOR b = 1 TO 12 ' Draw 12 spirographs

        Spiro 360, 120, 360, r, spos, x, y, col

        r = r + 2		' increase distance from centre of drawing wheel

        spos = spos + 10	' increase starting position

        col = col + 1		' next color

    NEXT

    END



' Draw the loci of a point on a circle revolving inside

' another circle, or a circle revolving round another circle.

' Parameters:

' ns,   No. teeth in stationary part (-ve = outside)

' nw,   No. teeth in wheel (-ve = clockwise)

' nt,   No. of teeth to 'do'

' r,    Radius

' spos, tooth to start at

' x, y  Coordinates of centre

' col     Drawing color

SUB Spiro (ns AS INTEGER, nw AS INTEGER, nt AS INTEGER, r AS INTEGER, spos AS INTEGER, x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE, col AS INTEGER)

 DIM n1 AS INTEGER, n2 AS INTEGER, i AS INTEGER, n AS INTEGER, no AS INTEGER

 DIM a AS DOUBLE, b AS DOUBLE, alpha AS DOUBLE, beta AS DOUBLE

 DIM offang AS DOUBLE, dab AS DOUBLE, adif AS DOUBLE, aob AS DOUBLE

 DIM x1 AS DOUBLE, y1 AS DOUBLE, x2 AS DOUBLE, y2 AS DOUBLE

 DIM PI AS DOUBLE



    PI = 3.141592658979324#

    n1 = ABS(ns): n2 = ABS(nw)


 PI): b = n2 / (2# --- PI)


    IF ns < 0 THEN



        dab = a + b: r = -r

    ELSE

        dab = a - b

    END IF

    


 2# --- PI / n1


    alpha = 0#: adif = PI / n1: aob = a / b



    n = (n2 / HighestCommonFactor(n1, n2))


 n --- ABS(nt)


    x1 = dab + r: y1 = 0#




 COS(offang) + x: y2 = x1 --- SIN(offang) + y


    MoveTo x2, y2



    FOR i = 0 TO no - 1

        IF nw < 0 THEN alpha = alpha - adif ELSE alpha = alpha + adif


 aob ELSE beta = alpha --- aob


 COS(alpha) + r --- COS(alpha - beta)


 SIN(alpha) + r --- SIN(alpha - beta)


 COS(offang) - y1 --- SIN(offang) + x


 SIN(offang) + y1 --- COS(offang) + y


        ' setcolor(col); lineto(x2, y2)



        LINE -(x2, y2), col

    NEXT

END SUB



' MoveTo x, y

' For QBasic

' For other languages, replace or omit

SUB MoveTo (x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE)

 DIM dr AS STRING

    dr = "BM " + STR$(INT(x)) + "," + STR$(INT(y))

    DRAW "X" + VARPTR$(dr)

END SUB



' Highest common factor  - Euclid's algorithm

FUNCTION HighestCommonFactor (a AS INTEGER, b AS INTEGER)

 DIM i AS INTEGER, j AS INTEGER, r AS INTEGER

    IF a > b THEN

        i = a: j = b

    ELSE

        i = b: j = a

    END IF

    r = i \ j

    WHILE (r <> 0)

        i = j: j = r: r = i \ j

    WEND

    HighestCommonFactor = j

END FUNCTION

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• qbasicjedi.tk: QBasic forum frequent NEWKs QBasic website


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• Collection of free QBasic Tutorials


• Beginner's Programming Tutorial in QBasic


• Jocke The Beast website, creator of Dark Woods & Middle Earth Tales


• Some programs with the sources French


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