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The first British trading post (called a factory) was established in ), Madras (present-day Chennai ) and Calcutta (present-day Kolkata ) in Bengal. Each of these cities was the administrative center of a presidency, or province, of the East India Company. Presidencies were administered by a governor. The governor of Bengal Presidency later became the Governor-General Of India . The provinces were enlarged by wars of conquest, and during the mid-19th century by the Doctrine Of Lapse , under which the Governor-General seized states from native rulers who died without a direct male heir. By the mid-19th century, the provinces comprised over half of the area of India and 60 percent of the Indian population. They were headed by Governor s, Lieutenant-governor s, High Commissioner s, Commissioner s, or Administrator s appointed by the Governor-general Of India . The rest of India was made up of Princely States , under the control of native rulers who recognized British suzerainty in return for local autonomy. PROVINCES OF BRITISH INDIA
PROVINCES AT INDEPENDENCE, 1947 At Independence in 1947, British India had seventeen provinces:
At independence eleven provinces (Bengal, Bihar, Bombay, Central Provinces, Madras, North-West Frontiet, Orissa, Punjab, and Sindh) were headed by a Governor. The remaining six provinces (Ajmer-Merwara, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Baluchistan, Coorg, Delhi and Panth-Piploda) were headed by Chief Commissioners. In 1950, the Indian Constitution went into effect, and the provinces were replaced with states and union territories. |
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