| Protein Data Bank |
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HISTORY Founded in 1971 by Brookhaven National Laboratory , the Protein Data Bank was transferred in 1998 to the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), which is composed of Rutgers University , the University Of Wisconsin-Madison , NIST and the San Diego Supercomputer Center . Funding comes from the National Science Foundation , Department Of Energy , National Library Of Medicine and the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences . The European Bioinformatics Institute in the UK and the Institute For Protein Research in Japan also collect, process and submit data files. In 2003, the Worldwide Protein Data Bank was formed, consisting of three member organizations that act as deposition, data processing and distribution centers for PDB data. The founding members are RCSB PDB (USA) , MSD-EBI (Europe) and PDBj (Japan) . The mission of the wwPDB is to maintain a single Protein Data Bank Archive of macromolecular structural data that is freely and publicly available to the global community. The PDB is a key resource in Structural Biology and is critical to more recent work in Structural Genomics . Countless derived databases and projects have been developed to integrate and classify the PDB interms of Protein Structure , Protein Function and Protein Evolution . Growth When the PDB was originally founded it contained just 7 protein structures. Since then it has undergone an approximate exponential growth in the number of structures, which does not show any sign of falling off. The growth rate of the PDB has been the subject of fairly extensive analysis. CONTENTS As of 1 October , 2004 , the database contained 27,428 released atomic coordinate entries (or "structures") and took in about 2,000-3,000 new ones per year. Data are stored in the MmCIF format specifically developed for the purpose. Note that the database stores information about the exact location of all Atom s in a large biomolecule; if one is only interested in ''sequence data'', i.e. the list of Amino Acid s making up a particular Protein or the list of Nucleotide s making up a particular Nucleic Acid , the much larger databases from Swiss-Prot and the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration should be used. Statistics As of 1 May , 2006 , the "PDB Holdings List" at RCSB reported the following statistics: Note that theoretical models have been removed, effective 2 July , 2002 . 20308 structures in the PDB have a structure factor file. 2926 structures in the PDB have an NMR restraint file. FILE FORMAT Through the years the PDB File Format has undergone many, many changes and revisions. Its original format was dictated by the width of computer punch cards.
This legacy format has caused many problems with the format, and consequently the PDB has three distinct 'clean-up' projects;
Each of these grant-funded projects has attempted to achieve the same goal via different routes. The Data Uniformity Project is hosted by the RCSB (the current home of the PDB). Each uses the original PDB data to derive a new format; The MMDB uses ASN.1 (and an XML conversion of this format); The MSD uses a Relational Database; The Data Uniformity Project uses mmCIF (and another XML conversion of this format). Some people would say that this is a Good Thing ; others would argue that, without a universal repository of information (i.e., a common dictionary), how can we talk about the same thing. Each structure published in PDB receives a four-character alphanumeric identifier, its PDB ID. This should not be used as an identifier for biomolecules, since often several structures for the same molecule (in different environments or conformations) are contained in PDB with different PDB IDs. If a biologist submits structure data for a protein or nucleic acid, PDB staff reviews and annotates it. The data are then automatically checked for plausibility. The Source Code for this validation software has been released for free. The main data base accepts only experimentally derived structures, and not theoretically predicted ones (see Protein Structure Prediction ). Various funding agencies and scientific journals now require scientists to submit their structure data to PDB. VIEWING THE DATA The structural data can be used to visualize the Biomolecule s with appropriate software, such as RasMol , Chime , Web Browser VRML plugin or any web-based software designed to visualize and analyse the protein structures such as STING . The PDB website also contains resources for education, structural genomics, and related software. LINKS TO ENZYME DATABASE DATA
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