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CAROLINGIAN ART Main article: Carolingian Art Carolingian Art is the roughly 120 year period from about 780 to 900 AD, during Charlemagne 's and his immediate heirs rule, popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance . Although brief, it was very influential—northern Europen kings Patron ed classical Mediterannean Roman art forms for the first time, while also creating innovative new forms such as naturalistic figurine line drawings that would have lasting influence. OTTONIAN ART See also: Ottonian Architecture , Ottonian Renaissance , Otto II and Otto III ) who ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 919 - 1024 —as well as the Franco - Salian emperors Conrad II (''r.'' 1024- 1039 ) and Henry III (''r.'' 1039- 1056 ). After the decline of the Carolignian Empire, the , the Carolingian period and Byzantium. Ottonian art was created to confirm a source of power to a direct Holy Imperial lineage: from Augustus to Constantine to Charlemagne to Otto The Great . This was done through iconographic symbols, such as the Globus Cruciger , or an image of Otto II being crowned by Christ in a 10th Century Ivory , for example. Ottonian monasteries produced some of the most magnificant medieval illuminated manuscripts, they were the premier art form of the time, and monasteries received direct sponsorship from the Emperor and bishops, having the best in equipment and talent available. Corvey produced some of the first manuscripts, followed by the scriptorium at Hildesheim after 1000 . The most famous Ottonian scriptoria was at the Island Monastery Of Reichenau on Lake Constance . Hardly any other works have formed the image of Ottonian art as much as the miniatures which originated there. One of the greatest Reichenau works was the Codex Egberti , consisting of 51 narrative miniatures of the life of Christ—this picture cycle of the life of Christ is the earliest in the entire history of book painting. Codex Egberti was a fusion of styles including Carolingian traditions as well as traces of insular and Byzantine influences. Other well known manuscripts included the Reichenau Evangeliary , the Liuther Codex , the Pericopes Of Henry II , the Bamberg Apocalypse and the Hitda Codex . ANGLO-SAXON ART Main article: Anglo-Saxon Art Anglo-Saxon art covers the period from the time of King Alfred ( 885 ), with the revival of English culture after the end of the Viking raids, to the early 12th century, when Romanesque Art became the new movement. Prior to King Alfred there had been the Hiberno-Saxon culture (the fusion of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic techniques and motifs) which had ceased (in Britain) with the Viking raiders. Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through Illuminated Manuscripts . FRANCE After the demise of the Carolingian Empire, France split into a number of feuding provinces, so that lacking any organized patronage, French art of the 10th and 11th centuries was produced by local monasteries for the purpose of spreading literacy (and piety); however the primitive styles produced did not match the techniques of the Carolingian period. Multiple regional styles developed based on the chance availability of Carolingian manuscripts (as models to draw from), and the availability of Itinerant artists. The monastery of Saint Bertin became an important center under its abbot Odbert (986-1007) who created a new style based on Anglo-Saxon and Carolingian forms. The nearby abbey of Saint Vaast created a number of works. In southwestern France at the monastery of Saint Martial in Limoges a number of manuscripts were produces around 1000, as were produced in Albi , Figeac and Saint-Sever-de-Rustan in Gascogne . In Paris there developed a style at the abbey of Saint Germain-des-Prés . In Normandy a new style developed from 975 onward. ITALY Italy was a Pre-Romanesque backwater. Southern Italy was dominated by the Byzantines, the Arabs, and the Normans, while the north was mostly controlled first by the Carolingians, and then by the Ottonians. However a number of important mosaics, frescos and illuminated manuscripts were produced. SPAIN Main article: Spanish Pre-Romanesque Art In Spain, Preromanesque art was reduced to the Kingdom Of Asturias , the only Christian realm on the country at the time. This style of architecture was largely endorsed and founded by Ramiro I . REFERENCES
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