| Predynastic Period Of Egypt |
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The Predynastic Period of Egypt (prior to 3100 BC ) is the period that culminates in the rise of the Old Kingdom and the first of the thirty dynasties based on royal residences, by which Egyptologists divide the history of pharaonic civilization using a schedule laid out first by Manetho 's ''Aegyptiaca''. The structure of the Nomes , into which Egypt was divided, predates the First Dynasty , and there are inscriptions of pre-dynastic kings such as Narmer . Early excavations of pre-dynastic sites were pursued in the 19th century at Naqada , Abydos , Coptos , and Hierakonpolis . While many authorities begin this prehistoric period with the Naqada culture, others place its beginnings in the Lower Paleolithic . LATE NEOLITHIC Anthropological and Archaeological evidence both indicate a Grain - Grinding Neolithic Culture Farming along the Nile in the 10th Millennium BC using the world's earliest known type of Sickle Blade s (Sources needed). But another culture of Hunters , Fishers and Gathering peoples using Stone Tool s replaced them. LATE LOWER PALEOLITHIC Evidence indicates human habitation in the southwestern corner of Egypt, near the Sudan border, before 8000 BC . Climate changes and/or overgrazing around 8000 BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt , eventually forming the Sahara (c. 2500 BC ), and early tribes naturally migrated to the Nile river where they developed a settled Agricultural Economy and more centralized Society . There is evidence of Pastoralism and cultivation of Cereal s in the East Sahara in the 7th Millennium BC . Domesticated animals had already been imported from and ancient Egypt has been cited as a likely primary contributor to the Desertification of the Sahara (see Sahara Desert (ecoregion) ). The earliest known artwork of Ship s in Ancient Egypt dates to 6000 BCE (reference: 'Britannica subscribers only' ). 6TH MILLENNIUM BC By 6000 BC predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were Herding cattle and Constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent s, Knive s and Scraper s are common {Link without Title} . Burial items in this era include pottery, Jewelry , Farming and Hunting equipment, and assorted foods including dried meat and fruit The dead are buried facing due west [http://www.touregypt.net/ebph5.htm . Basket s of exceedingly high quality date to circa 5000 BC {Link without Title} . 5TH MILLENNIUM BC Items dating to this era of the s of Amazonite ( Feldspar ) {Link without Title} . The has been inferred from the burying of more prosperous members of the community in a different part of the cemetery (see Badarian ). Around s (included in grave goods) also appear in this era {Link without Title} . A finely woven Linen fragment in the Al Fayyum dates to 4400 BC {Link without Title} . By 4000 BC we have evidence of pre-dynastic Alchemists having invented the use of Mortar (masonry) (see Alchemy In Ancient Egypt ) via one of the oldest known of chemical reactions (see Calcium Oxide ). 4TH MILLENNIUM BC By practices would later evolve into the Osiris Cult of Ancient Egypt Symbols on Gerzean pottery resemble traditional hieroglyph writing [http://www.touregypt.net/ebph5.htm . By the beginning of the seems to have centered on metallurgy and foreign trade {Link without Title} . Many s in Maadi , maybe for buildings and/or fences. Also found are fire places and pits {Link without Title} . The earliest known buildings of stone to appear in Ancient Egypt date to this era in Maadi , including one subterranean building that was constructed by covering walls of stone with Nile mud, another building thats entrance seems to have been fashioned by carving the local bedrock, and other building designs which also reveal distant southern Canaan ite contact {Link without Title} . Lapis Lazuli was being traded from its only known source in the ancient world – Badakshan , in what is now northeastern Afghanistan – as far as Mesopotamia and Egypt by the second half of the 4th Millennium BC . There is evidence that Ancient Egyptian Explorers may have originally cleared and protected some branches of the Silk Road . Between 1979 and 1985, charcoal samples found in the tombs of Nekhen , which were dated to the Naqada I and II periods, were identified as Cedar from Lebanon {Link without Title} . TIMELINE
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