Portuguese Verb Conjugation Article Index for
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Portuguese Verb Conjugation




  • Verbs ending in -ar belong to the ''first conjugation'' (e.g. dar, lavar, matar, ladrar);

  • Verbs ending in -er belong to the ''second conjugation'' (e.g. correr, comer, colher);

  • Verbs ending in -ir belong to the ''third conjugation'' (e.g. partir, ir, destruir, urdir);

  • The verb ''pôr'' is placed in the ''second conjugation'' by many authors, since it is derived from Old Portuguese ''poer'' (Latin ''ponere''). In any event, it's an irregular verb whose conjugation must be learned on its own. The same applies to derivatives of ''pôr'' such as ''depor'', ''compor'', ''propor'', among many others.


The verbs can be conjugated in various categories:
  • ''Infinitivo'' ( Infinitive )- like English 'to do'.

  • ''Gerúndio''( Gerund )- like English 'doing'.

  • ''Particípio Passado'' ( Past Participle )- like English 'done'.

  • ''Infinitivo Pessoal'' ( Personal Infinitive )- Unique to Portuguese; an infinitive with the person and number of the agent expressed.

  • ''Indicativo'' ( Indicative )- like English 'do' or 'does'.

  • ''Condicional'' ( Conditional )- like English 'would do'.

  • ''Subjuntivo/Conjuntivo'' ( Subjunctive )- generally indicates an uncertain situation or an indeterminate condition.

  • ''Imperativo'' ( Imperative )- like English 'do!'.




FIRST CONJUGATION (CANTAR)


  • Non-finite forms

  • ---Infinitive: cantar

  • ---Gerund: cantando

  • ---Past participle: cantado

  • ---Personal infinitives: cantar, cantares, cantar, cantarmos, cantardes, cantarem

  • Indicative

  • ---Present: canto, cantas, canta, cantamos, cantais, cantam

  • ---Imperfect: cantava, cantavas, cantava, cantávamos, cantáveis, cantavam

  • ---Preterite: cantei, cantaste, cantou, cantámos ( EP ) ''or'' cantamos ( BP ), cantaste, cantaram

  • ---Pluperfect: cantara, cantaras, cantara, cantáramos, cantáreis, cantaram

  • ---Future: cantarei, cantarás, cantará, cantaremos, cantareis, cantarão

  • Conditional

  • ---Present:cantaria, cantarias, cantaria, cantaríamos, cantaríeis, cantariam

  • Subjunctive

  • ---Present: cante, cantes, cante, cantemos, canteis, cantem

  • ---Imperfect: cantasse, cantasses, cantasse, cantássemos, cantásseis, cantassem

  • ---Future: cantar, cantares, cantar, cantarmos, cantardes, cantarem

  • Imperative

  • ---canta (tu), cante (você), cantemos (nós), cantai (vós), cantem (vocês)



SECOND CONJUGATION (COMER)


  • Non-finite forms

  • ---Infinitive: comer

  • ---Gerund: comendo

  • ---Past participle: comido

  • ---Personal infinitives: comer, comeres, comer, comermos, comerdes, comerem

  • Indicative

  • ---Present: como, comes, come, comemos, comeis, comem

  • ---Imperfect: comia, comias, comia, comíamos, comíeis, comiam

  • ---Preterite: comi, comeste, comeu, comemos, comestes, comeram

  • ---Pluperfect: comera, comeras, comera, comêramos, comêreis, comeram

  • ---Future: comerei, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comereis, comerão

  • ---Conditional: comeria, comerias, comeria, comeríamos, comeríeis, comeriam

  • Subjunctive

  • ---Present: coma, comas, coma, comamos, comais, comam

  • ---Imperfect: comesse, comesses, comesse, comêssemos, comêsseis, comessem

  • ---Future: comer, comeres, comer, comermos, comerdes, comerem

  • Imperative

  • ---come (tu), coma (você), comamos (nós), comei (vós), comam (vocês)



THIRD CONJUGATION (PARTIR)

  • Non-finite forms

  • ---Infinitive: partir

  • ---Gerund: partindo

  • ---Past participle: partido

  • ---Personal infinitives: partir, partires, partir, partirmos, partirdes, partirem

  • Indicative

  • ---Present: parto, partes, parte, partimos, partis, partem

  • ---Imperfect: partia, partias, partia, partíamos, partíeis, partiam

  • ---Preterite: parti, partiste, partiu, partimos, partistes, partiram

  • ---Pluperfect: partira, partiras, partira, partíramos, partíreis, partiram

  • ---Future: partirei, partirás, partirá, partiremos, partireis, partirão

  • ---Conditional: partiria, partirias, partiria, partiríamos, partiríeis, partiriam

  • Subjunctive

  • ---Present: parta, partas, parta, partamos, partais, partam

  • ---Imperfect: partisse, partisses, partisse, partíssemos, partísseis, partissem

  • ---Future: partir, partires, partir, partirmos, partirdes, partirem

  • Imperative

  • ---parte (tu), parta (você), partamos (nós), parti (vós), partam (vocês)



QUICK REFERENCE



 

Non-Finite Forms
Infinitive ImpersonalPast ParticiplePresent Participle

-ar
-er
-ir
-ado
-ido
-ido
-ando
-endo
-indo



HAVER



TER



SER



ESTAR



CONDITIONAL AND FUTURE IMPERFECT

There are few irregular verbs for these tenses
(only ''dizer'', ''fazer'', ''trazer'', and their compounds - also
''haver'', ''ter'', ''ser'', ''ir'', ''pôr'', ''estar'', etc. - for the Subjunctive Future Imperfect).
The Indicative Future Imperfect, Conditional and Subjunctive
Future Perfect tenses are formed by
adding to the infinitive the Indicative Present inflections of the
Auxiliary Verb ''haver'' (dropping the ''h'' and ''av''), the
2nd/3rd conjugation endings of the Preterit Imperfect and the Personal
Infinitive endings, respectively. Thus, for the majority
of the verbs, the Simple Personal Infinitive coincides with Subjunctive Future
Imperfect.


IMPERATIVE

The affirmative imperative for second person pronouns ''tu'' and ''vós'' is obtained from the present indicative, by deletion of the final ''-s'' (in some cases, an accent mark must be added to the vowel which precedes it). For other persons, and for negative clauses, the present subjunctive takes the role of imperative.


PRESENT INFLECTIONS PRONUNCIATION

In this tense, the stress fluctuates between the root and the
termination. As a rule of thumb, the last radical vowel (the one that
can be stressed) will retain its original pronunciation when unstressed
(atonic) and change into [e (Subjunctive or Indicative 1st pers sing)/[ɛ]
(Infinitive), or (Subjunctive or Indicative 1st pers sing)/[ɔ (Infinitive) - depending
on the vowel in question - in case it is stressed (is in a tonic syllable).
Other vowels (''u'', ''i'') and nasalized sounds will probably stay
unchanged.
Examples: See the conjugation of ''comer'' {Link without Title} above, in the Indicative
Present Simple. The ''o'' will assume three values [o and [ɔ].
Compare with ''absorver'' {Link without Title} .
It will be conjugated as {Link without Title} ,
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{Link without Title} ,
{Link without Title} ,
{Link without Title} ,
{Link without Title} .
The value {Link without Title} is not assumed in this case.
This also has repercussions in the Imperative, for its inflections are
constructed from the Indicative Present Simple.


SEE ALSO