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Politics of Iran takes place in the framework of an Islamic theocratic republic. The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic Of Iran . It declares that Shi'a Islam of the Twelver ( Jaafari ) sect is Iran's official religion. POLITICAL CONDITIONS Iran's post-revolution difficulties have included an eight-year war with Iraq , internal political struggles and unrest, and economic disorder. The early days of the regime were characterized by severe human rights violations and political turmoil, including the Seizure Of The United States Embassy Compound and its occupants on November 4 , 1979 , by Iranian militants. As the United States no longer has formal diplomatic relations with Iran, Switzerland handles U.S. interests in Iran. By mid- 1982 , a succession of power struggles eliminated first the center of the political spectrum and then the leftists, leaving only the clergy and their supporters in power. There has been some moderation of excesses both internally and internationally, although there are claims that Iran still remains a sponsor of terrorism. The Islamic Republic Party was Iran's dominant political party until its dissolution in 1987 ; Iran had no functioning political parties until the Executives Of Construction Party formed in 1994 to run for the fifth parliamentary elections, mainly out of executive body of the government close to the then-president Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani . After the election of Mohammad Khatami in 1997 , more parties started to work, mostly of the Reformist movement and opposed by hard-liners. This led to incorporation and official activity of many other groups, even including hard-liners. The Iranian Government is opposed by a few armed political groups, including the Mojahedin-e-Khalq , the People's Fedayeen , and the Kurdish Democratic Party . In February, 2003 , for the second time local elections had taken place since being introduced in 1999 as part of President Khatami's concept of a civil society at the grassroots level. 905 City Councils and 34,205 Village Councils were up for election. In Tehran and some of the major cities, all of the seats were taken back by conservatives over reformists. This swing was caused by widespread abstention from the local elections. In Tehran only about 10% of the electorate voted, following appeals by reformist groups. In February 2004 Parliament Elections , the Council Of Guardians banned thousands of candidates, including most of the reformist members of the parliament and all the candidates of the Islamic Iran Participation Front party from running. This led to a win by the conservatives of at least 70% of the seats. Approximately 60% of the elegible voting population participated in the elections. SUPREME LEADER (''VALIYE FAGHIH'' OR ''THE JURISPRUDENT GUARDIAN'')
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