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''Planet of the Apes'' is a novel by '' means both "ape" and "monkey," Xan Fielding called his translation '''''Monkey Planet'''''. It is an example of social commentary through Dystopia . PLOT SUMMARY The main events of the book are placed in a surrounding story, in which Jinn and Phillys, a couple out on a pleasure cruise in a spaceship, find a message in a bottle floating in space. The message inside the bottle is the log of a man, Ulysse Mérou, who believes that he may be the last human left alive in all the universe, but has written down his story in hopes that someone else, somewhere, will find it. The message's writer, our protagonist, begins by explaining that he was friends with Professor Antelle, a genius scientist on Earth, who invented a sophisticated spaceship which could travel at nearly the speed of light. The protagonist, the professor, and a physician named Levain fly off in this ship to explore outer space. They travel to the nearest star system which the professor theorized might be capable of life, the red sun Betelgeuse , which would take them about 350 years to reach. Due to Time Dilation , however, the trip only seems two years long to the professor and him. They arrive at the distant solar system and find that it contains an Earth-like planet, which they christen Soror , "because of its resemblance to our Earth." They land on the planet and discover that they can breathe the air, drink the water, and eat the local vegetation. They soon encounter other human beings on the planet, although these others act as primitive as chimpanzees and destroy the clothing of the professor and the protagonist. The protagonist and the professor live with the primitive humans for a few days, hoping to civilize them and learn their language. At the end of this time, they are startled to see a hunting party in the forest, consisting of gorillas, orangutans, and chimpanzees using guns and machines. The apes wear human clothing identical to that of 20th century Earth, with the exception that they wear gloves instead of shoes on their prehensile feet. The hunting party shoots several of the humans for sport, including Levain, and capture others, including the protagonist. Ulysse is taken off to the apes' city, which looks exactly the same as a human city from 20th century Earth, with the exception that some smaller furniture exists for the use of the chimpanzees. While most of the humans captured by the hunting party are sold for manual labor, the protagonist winds up in a research facility doing experiments on human intelligence. The apes perform experiments on the humans similar to Pavlov's conditioning experiments on dogs, and the protagonist proves his intelligence by failing to be conditioned. He is taken in by one of the researchers, Zira, a female chimpanzee, who begins to teach him the apes' language. He learns from her all about the ape planet. Eventually, he is freed from his cage, meets Zira's fiancé, Cornélius, a respected young scientist. With Cornélius' help, he goes to make a speech in front of the ape President and several representatives, and is given specially tailored clothing. He tours the city and learns about the apes' civilization and history. The apes have a very ancient society, but their origins are lost in time. Their technology and culture have progressed slowly through the centuries. The society is divided up between the violent gorillas, pedantic orangutans, and intellectual chimpanzees. Although the protagonists' chimpanzee patron is assured of his sentience, the society's leading orangutan scientists believe that he is faking his understanding of language, because their philosophy will not allow for the possibility of sentient human beings. The protagonist falls in love with a primitive human female, Nova, whom he met in the forest at the beginning of his visit to the planet. He impregnates her. This proves that he is the same species as the primitive humans, which lowers his standing in the eyes of many of the apes. However, their derision turns to fear with a discovery in a distant archaealogical dig and analysis of memory in some human brains. Evidence is uncovered which fills in the missing history of the apes. In the distant past, the planet was ruled by human beings, who built a technological society, and enslaved apes to perform their manual labor. Over time the humans became more and more dependent upon the apes, until eventually they were so lazy and degenerate that they were overthrown by their ape servants and fell into the primitive state in which our protagonist found them. While some of the apes reject this evidence, others take it as a sign that the humans are a threat and must be exterminated. In particular is an old orangutan scientist, Dr. Zaius. The protagonist gets wind of this, and escapes from the planet with his wife and newly-born son, returning to Earth in the professor's spaceship. Again, the trip takes several centuries, but only a relative time of a few years to the protagonist. The protagonist lands on earth, over 700 years after he had originally left it, and lands outside the city of Paris . However, once outside the ship, he discovers that Earth is now ruled by sentient apes just like the planet from which he has just fled (this is where his story on paper ends). He immediately blasts his ship off into space once more, writes his story, places it in a bottle, and launches it into space for someone to find. The book concludes by returning to the couple who had found the bottle, who are revealed to be apes themselves. They scoff at the unlikelihood of humans having been advanced enough to build spaceships, and conclude that the story must be someone's idea of a joke. OTHER MEDIA This story of a dystopian ape society has been popular in other media as well. Boulle's idea has been made in to movies, television series, and additional novel adaptations. Films Planet Of The Apes ( 1968 ) was a groundbreaking science fiction film based on Boulle's novel, and was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and starring Charlton Heston . It was the vision of producer Arthur P. Jacobs , who commissioned Rod Serling to write the script, but the final version would be written by Michael Wilson . Jacobs enlisted Heston (who enlisted Schaffner) well before any production deal was made, and Heston's star status was instrumental in gaining support for the film. They gained the support of Mort Abrahams after producing a short film demo which showed that the makeups (initially created by Ben Nye, Sr., not to be confused with the design perfected by John Chambers for the actual film) could be convincing enough to not appear funny, as most "monkey suits" up to that time had. Interestingly, in the English-language films, the apes are insulted when called "monkeys," but in the original book, no distinction is made because "singes" is the French word for both "apes" and "monkeys". There were four Sequel s to Schaffner's film, which substantially deviate from the story in Boulle's book:
The 1968 movie was Reimagined in 2001 - see '' Planet Of The Apes ''. Television Series There were also two Television Series :
Novels Original novel
Original film adaptions
Film adaptions and prequels to the 2001 version
Graphic novel
'' Television Series Adaptions ''
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