was held on April 9 , 2006 to elect the President Of The Republic , two Vice-Presidents, 120 Members Of Congress , and five Peruvian members of the Andean Parliament (plus 10 substitutes), for the 2006- 2011 period.
No single presidential ticket obtained more than half of the total valid votes. Thus a runoff election will be held on 2006 , on Peruvian National Day.
The Congressional election makes use of 25 Electoral Districts (Peru's 24 Departments and the Constitutional Province Of Callao ). The number of seats in Congress for each district is determined by its number of eligible voters. A political party must win a minimum of five seats in two electoral districts or 4% of nationwide valid votes in order to get represented in Congress.
Like the presidential and vice-presidential election, the Andean Parliament election does not use Electoral Districts, using nationwide votes instead. A minimum of 4% of nationwide valid votes is necessary for a party to get any representation in the Andean Parliament.
"Valid votes" only include votes correctly issued for exactly one candidate. Hence, blank ballots, multiple-candidate votes or incorrect markings do not affect the overall results, functioning at most as political statements.
The National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (''Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil'') is in charge of registering eligible voters; the National Office of Electoral Processes (''Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales'') organizes the election; and the National Election Jury (''Jurado Nacional de Elecciones'') makes any rulings concerning the election, including the proclamation of official results.
Partial official results by the National Office of Electoral Processes, are given below, with percentages of progress given in each heading.
''See:'' Peruvian National Election, 2006 Candidates
- is the leader of the conservative, right-wing Unidad Nacional coalition. She is a former Congresswoman and came in third place in the 2001 presidential election. She is often targeted as the candidate of the rich and is accused by opponents of not caring about the poor. Her running mate Arturo Woodman is a well-known entrepreneur, who also led the organization of the 2004 Copa América and the 2005 U-17 World Championship .
- is the leader of left-leaning Partido Aprista Peruano and was President Of Peru from 1985 to 1990. His presidency was marked by hyperinflation and an economic crisis, as well as widespread terrorist activities and isolation from the international community; however, he came in second place in the 2001 presidential election, losing in the runoff against Alejandro Toledo . Critics point to his administration as a failure to be repeated if he got elected.
- is the leader of the left-leaning Peruvian Nationalist Party , but is running under the Unión Por El Perú banner. He is a Lieutenant Colonel (retired) and led an uprising in October 2000 against then President Alberto Fujimori . He was pardoned by Congress following Fujimori's fall in November. He has spoken of the "refoundation" of the country in a "Second Republic" and called for the rewriting of the Constitution by a Constitutent Assembly. Opponents criticize his lack of political experience, his perceived authoriarianism and populism. He is constantly associated with his brothers Ulises and Antauro , though their '' Etnocacerista '' movement is more radical than his nationalist movement. Ulises is also running for President with Avanza País ; Antauro, who participated in the 2000 insurrection, is in prison, following his own brief rebellion in January 2005 against President Alejandro Toledo , but is also running for Congress.
- Martha Chávez is the candidate of the pro- Fujimori Alianza Por El Futuro . She is currently a Congresswoman and was the first female President of Congress . A staunch defender of the former president, she was suspended from Congress in 2002 after corruption accusations, but was reinstated in 2005. Vice-presidential candidate Santiago Fujimori is Alberto's younger brother. As with all ''fujimoristas'', she is criticized for defending an administration that is seen as corrupt and authoritarian.
- Valentín Paniagua is the leader of the Frente De Centro , a coalition of centrist parties. He was President of Congress before becoming the interim President of Peru (November 2000-July 2001), following the collapse of Fujimori's administration. Running mate Alberto Andrade is a former mayor of Lima (1996-2002).
- Susana Villarán (Concertación Descentralista) was Minister of Women's Promotion and Social Development during Paniagua's tenure.
- Alberto Fujimori 's candidacy was rejected after a ban by Congress forbidding him to hold office until 2011 was upheld.
- Ruling party Perú Posible and ally Frente Independiente Moralizador withdrew their candidates. PP's candidate Rafael Belaúnde was not a party member and clashed with the party's core over the congressional candidate list, which included some people he did not approve of. FIM's leader Fernando Olivera , quit to run for Congress, realizing his slim chances in the presidential race.
- Important issues during the campaign include economic policy, unemployment, education, healthcare, drug trafficking, terrorist activities, the explotation of the Camisea natural gas reserves, the management of ports by foreign companies, a maritime border dispute with Chile , birth control and abortion, and renewal of Congress.
- In January 2006, Ollanta Humala attended a ceremony held in honor of then President-Elect of and Argentine presidents Lula Da Silva and Néstor Kirchner . The former had also invited Flores and García, but they declined.
- Unidad Nacional was accused of buying off candidates to pull out of the race, including Fernando Olivera , who did withdraw, and Jaime Salinas. Olivera's FIM party later showed TV advertisements directly attacking Alan García, and was ordered to stop by the National Election Jury. The ruling was not obeyed and Jorge Del Castillo , Secretary General of Partido Aprista Peruano and Member of Congress, showed documents allegedly proving a secret pact between FIM and Lourdes Flores' Unidad Nacional party accounting for the attacks on García. In response, Olivera sued him for forging the documents. {Link without Title}
- On April 7, just two days before the First Round, José Cardó Guarderas (Reconstrucción Democrática) and Ciro Gálvez (Renacimiento Andino) dropped from the presidential race and announced their support for Lourdes Flores' candidacy and their opposition to Ollanta Humala's. Only Cardó presented his official resignation to the National Election Jury, but his votes were till counted officially. The day before, Ricardo Wong (Y se llama Perú), who had withdrawn his candidacy before and later retracted, announced that he dropped the race in favor of Alan García. Given the proximity of the election, there were no changes to the ballot. {Link without Title}
- Ollanta Humala has been accused of torturing and killing peasants under the ''nom de guerre'' "Capitán Carlos" when he was the commander of a military base in the jungle from 1992 to 1993. Unidad Nacional was accused of buying off witnesses to testify against him. His brother Antauro has confirmed that he used that name and said that he acted "according to the rules of the Army". {Link without Title}
- Isaac Humala , father of candidates Ollanta and Ulises, said that he would free Sendero Luminoso and MRTA leaders Abimael Guzmán and Víctor Polay , since he considers that terrorist movements no longer represent a threat to Peruvian society. This came after a letter was signed by several public figures, including Ulises and fellow candidates Javier Diez Canseco and Alberto Moreno , demanding a fair trial for Polay. Most candidates rushed to condemn Isaac Humala's comments, including Ollanta and even Ulises, whose candidacy has been openly supported by his father. Around the same time, Elena Humala, the candidates' mother, claimed that homosexuals and rapists should be shot[http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/peru/archives/024335.php , which apparently prompted Ollanta to ask his parents to stop making public statements.
- In an April 4 interview with Argentine newspaper Página/12 , Ollanta Humala claimed that, if Lourdes Flores were elected, she would be overthrown in less than a year. {Link without Title} Given his past uprising, this was interpreted as a coup threat, leading opponents to accuse him again of having no respect for democracy.
- The Minister Of Justice Alejandro Tudela Chipotea announced that Antauro and Ollanta Humala would be sued for complicity with Vladimiro Montesinos . While their October 2001 uprising was publicized as an insurrection against the Fujimori administration, there have been accusations of it being staged in order to create a distraction so that the fugitive Montesinos could flee the country, which he did the same day aboard a yacht. César Mojovich, a former National Police Commissioner of Toquepala , revealed this in a TV show, and apparently there are records of calls from Montesinos to the Humala brothers' military base just hours before the uprising. {Link without Title}
- Unión por el Perú's vice-presidential candidate , who withdrew from the race, has a pending judicial process for sexual exploitation of minors. {Link without Title}
- The National Electoral Jury admitted the failure of an Electoral Ethical Pact between the parties, given the widespread personal attacks between the candidates. Asociación Civil Transparencia, an unaffiliated citizen group, also lamented the overall tone of the campaign. {Link without Title}
- The election was initially going to use two separate ballots, by decision of the National Office of Electoral Processes: one for the Presidential election, the other for the Congressional and Andean Parliament elections. After the formal protest of several parties, the National Election Jury ruled that the ballots had to be merged into one. {Link without Title}
All polls by ''Apoyo Opinión y Mercado'' pollster.
:: All numbers in the polls are given as percentages of "valid votes", as defined in this article's introduction.
- 1 Conducted November 10-11, 2005, published November 13. {Link without Title}
- 2 Conducted December 3-8, 2005, published December 11. {Link without Title}
- 3 Conducted January 11-13, 2006, published January 15. {Link without Title}
- 4 Conducted January 25-27, 2006, published January 29. {Link without Title}
- 5 Conducted February 8-10, 2006, published February 13. {Link without Title}
- 6 Conducted February 22-24, 2006, published February 27. {Link without Title}
- 7 Conducted March 8-10, 2006, published March 12. {Link without Title}
- 8 Conducted March 15-17, 2006, published March 19. {Link without Title}
- 9 Conducted March 22-24, 2006, published March 26. {Link without Title}
- 10 Conducted March 29-31, 2006, published April 2. {Link without Title}
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